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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gastrointestinal tract |
Aka GI tract |
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Oral cavity |
Aka mouth |
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Lips |
Aka labia Surround the opening to the oral cavity |
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Palate |
Forms the roof of the mouth Consists of 3 major parts |
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Hard palate |
Anterior portion of the palate |
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Soft palate |
Flexible posterior portion of the palate Closes off nasal passages during swallowing |
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Uvula |
Hands from the free edge of the soft palate Role in snoring and formation of some speech sounds |
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Tongue |
Chewing, speaking, and swallowing |
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Papillae |
Contain taste buds |
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Periodontium |
Structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth |
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Gingiva |
Specialized mucous membrane that covers the bone of the dental arches and surrounds the neck of the teeth Aka gums |
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Dental arches |
Bony structures of the oral cavity Hold teeth firmly in position to facilitate chewing and speaking |
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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) |
Formed at the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together |
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Dentition |
The natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaws |
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Occlusion |
Any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth |
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Saliva |
A colorless liquid that maintains the moisture in the mouth |
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Salivary glands |
Secrete saliva that is carried by ducts into the mouth |
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Pharynx |
Common passage for both respiration and digestion |
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Esophagus |
Muscular tube through which ingested food passes from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Lower esophageal sphincter |
Muscular ring between the esophagus and the stomach |
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Stomach |
Sac-like organ composed of the fundus, body, and antrum |
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Rugae |
Folds in the mucosa lining of the stomach |
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Gastric juices |
Made up of enzymes and hydrochloric acid aid in the beginning of food digestion |
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Pyloric sphincter |
Ring-like muscle at the base of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food from stomach to small intestine |
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Pylorus |
Narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine |
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Small intestine |
Extends from the pyloric sphincter to the first part of large intestine |
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Duodenum |
First portion of the small intestine |
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Jejunum |
Middle portion of the small intestine |
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Ileum |
Last and longest portion of the small intestine |
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Large intestine |
Extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus |
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cecum |
a pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen |
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ileocecal sphincter |
the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the ileum into the cecum |
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veniform appendix |
aka appendix hangs from the lower portion of the cecum |
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colon |
longest portion of the large intestine subdivided into 4 parts |
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ascending colon |
travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver |
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transverse colon |
passes horizontally across the abdominal cavity from right to left toward the spleen |
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descending colon |
travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon |
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sigmoid colon |
an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins the rectum below |
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rectum |
widest division of the large intestine |
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anus |
lower opening of the digestive tract |
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anorectal |
refers to the anus and rectum as a single unit |
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accessory organs |
play a key role in the digestive process but are not part of the gastrointestinal tract liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
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liver |
largest organ in the body removes toxins from the blood and turns food into fuel and nutrients |
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hepatic |
pertaining to the liver |
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glycogen |
a form of glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles |
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bilirubin |
a pigment excreted into the digestive fluid called bile, giving it a yellow to green color |
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bile |
aids in the digestion of fats, a digestive juice secreted by the liver that is necessary for the digestion of fat |
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chol/e |
refers to bile |
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biliary tree |
provides the channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine |
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gallbladder |
a pear-shaped organ about the size of an egg located under the liver stores and concentrates bile for later use |
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cholecystic |
pertaining to the gallbladder |
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pancreas |
soft, 6 in long, oblong gland that is located behind the stomach aids in digestion |
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digestion |
process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients in a form the body can use |
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metabolism |
all of the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients |
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anabolism |
building up of body cells and substances from nutrients |
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catabolism |
breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide |
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absorption |
process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body |
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villi |
finger-like projections on the mucosa that lines the small intestine |
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mastication |
aka chewing breaks food down into smaller pieces, mixes with saliva, prepares to be swallowed |
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bolus |
mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed |
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peristalsis |
series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system |
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chyme |
semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach, through the pyloric sphincter, and into the small intestine |
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feces |
aka solid body wastes expelled through the rectum and anus |
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defecation |
aka bowel movement evacuation or emptying of the large intestine |
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borborygmus |
rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine |
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flatulence |
passage of gas out of the body through the rectum |
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bariatrics |
branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases |
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dentist |
diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of teeth and tissues of the oral cavity |
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gastroenterologist |
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the stomach and intestines |
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oral or maxillofacial surgeon |
specializes in surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries |
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orthodontist |
a dental specialist who prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial structures |
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periodontist |
a dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth |
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proctologist |
a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus |
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registered dietitian (RD) |
a specialist in food and nutrition who practices medical nutrition therapy and counsels patients on improving their dietary intake |
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aphthous ulcers |
aka canker sores gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth |
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cheilosis |
a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the moth |
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herpes labialis |
aka cold sores blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) |
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leukoplakia |
an abnormal white, usually benign lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek |
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stomatitis |
an inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth |
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stomatomycosis |
any disease of the mouth due to a fungus |
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oral thrush |
a type of stomatomycosis that develops when the fungus candida albicans grows out of control |
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trismus |
any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer |
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xerostomia |
aka dry mouth lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands |
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cleft lip |
aka harelip a birth defect in which there is a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal development |
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cleft palate |
the failure of the palate to close during the early development of the fetus |
