Chapter 7: Urinary System Vocabulary

Front 1

arteriole

Back 1

Small artery

Front 2

bowman capsule

Back 2

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus

Front 3

calyx or calix (Plural: calyces or calices)

Back 3

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

Front 4

catheter

Back 4

Tube for injecting or removing fluids

Front 5

cortex

Back 5

Outer region; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortial means pertaining to the cortex)

Front 6

creatinine

Back 6

Waste produce of muscle metabolism; nitrogenous waste exvreted in urine

Front 7

electrolyte

Back 7

A chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

Front 8

erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 8

A hormone secreted by the kidney to simulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

Front 9

filration

Back 9

Passive precess whereby sone substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other material.

Front 10

glomerulus
(Plural: glomeruli)

Back 10

Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in cortex of kidney

Front 11

hilium

Back 11

Depression or hallow in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

Front 12

kidney

Back 12

one of two bean-shaped Organs behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region

Front 13

meatus

Back 13

Opening or canal

Front 14

medulla

Back 14

inner region; the renal Medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla)

Front 15

micturition

Back 15

Urination; the act of voiding

Front 16

nephron

Back 16

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. There are 1 million nephrons in a kidney

Front 17

nitrogenous wate

Back 17

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

Front 18

potassium

Back 18

An electrolyte important to body process. The kidney regulates the balance of potassium concentration within the blood

Front 19

reabsorption

Back 19

In this process, the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

Front 20

renal artery

Back 20

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

Front 21

renal pelvis

Back 21

Central collecting region in the kidney

Front 22

renal tubule

Back 22

Microscopic tube in the kidney in which urine is formed after filtration/ In the renal tubile, the composition of urine is altered by the process of reabsorption and secretion

Front 23

renin

Back 23

An enzymatic hormone synthesized, stored, and secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)

Front 24

sodium

Back 24

An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidney

Front 25

trigone

Back 25

Triangular area in the urinary bladder in which the ureters enter and the urethra exits

Front 26

urea

Back 26

Major nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine

Front 27

ureter

Back 27

Tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 28

urethra

Back 28

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 29

uric acid

Back 29

A nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

Front 30

urinary bladder

Back 30

Hollow muscular sac that holds and stores urine

Front 31

urination

Back 31

Process of expelling urine, also called micturition

Front 32

vioding

Back 32

Emptying of urine from the urrinary bladder; urination or micturition