Chapter 5 Wood Light Frame Construction (1-58) And Chapter 6 Exterior Finishes For Wood Light Frame Construction (59-94)

Front 1

wood light frame construction

Back 1

The most versatile and easily constructed method of constructing buildings. It the most common used method of constructing buildings today.

Front 2

balloon frame

Back 2

A wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members nominally 2 inches in thickness, in which the wall members are single pieces that run from the sill to the top plates at the eave.

Front 3

joist

Back 3

One of a parallel array of light, closely spaced beams used to support a floor deck or low-slope roof.

Front 4

stud

Back 4

One of an array of small, closely spaced, parallel wall framing members; a heavy steel pin.

Front 5

rafter

Back 5

A framing member that runs up and down the slope of a steep roof.

Front 6

firestop

Back 6

A wood or masonry baffle used to close an opening between studs or joists in a balloon or platform frame in order to retard the spread of fire through the opening.

Front 7

platform frame

Back 7

A wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members nominally 2 inches in thickness, in which the wall members do not run past the floor framing members.

Front 8

sheathing

Back 8

The rough covering applied to the outside of the roof, wall, or floor framing of a light frame structure.

Front 9

header

Back 9

Lintel; band joist; a joist supports other joists; in steel construction, a beam that spans between girders; a brick or other masonry unit that is laid across two wythes with its end exposed in the face of the wall.

Front 10

rim joist

Back 10

A wooden joist running perpendicular to the primary direction of the joists in a floor and closing off the floor platform at the outside face of the building.

Front 11

band joist

Back 11

A wooden joist running perpendicular to the primary direction of the joists in a floor and closing off the floor platform at the outside face of the building.

Front 12

subfloor

Back 12

The loadbearing surface beneath a finish floor.

Front 13

sole plate

Back 13

The horizontal piece of dimension lumber at the bottom of the studs in a wall in a light frame building.

Front 14

top plate

Back 14

The horizontal member at the top of a stud wall.

Front 15

ridge board

Back 15

The board against which the tips of rafters are fastened.

Front 16

trimmer

Back 16

A beam that supports a header around an opening in a floor or roof frame.

Front 17

sill

Back 17

The strip of wood that lies immediately on top of a concrete or masonry foundation in wood light frame construction; the horizontal bottom portion of a window or door; the exterior surface, usually sloped to shed water, below the bottom of a window or door.

Front 18

wracking

Back 18

Forcing out of plumb.

Front 19

framing plan

Back 19

A diagram showing the arrangement and sizes of the structural members in a floor or roof.

Front 20

architectural floor plan

Back 20

Indicates the locations and dimensions of all the walls, partitions and openings.

Front 21

exterior elevation

Back 21

Drawings that show the outside faces of the building, with vertical framing dimensions indicated as required.

Front 22

sections

Back 22

Drawings that cut completely through the building, showing the dimensional relationships of the various floor levels and roof planes, and the slopes of the roof surfaces.

Front 23

interior elevation

Back 23

Drawings prepared for kitchens, bathrooms, and other rooms with elaborate interior features.

Front 24

rough carpentry

Back 24

Framing carpentry, as distinguished from finish carpentry.

Front 25

let-in diagonal bracing

Back 25

Diagonal bracing that is nailed into notches cut in the face of the studs so that it does not increase the thickness of the wall.

Front 26

sill sealer

Back 26

A resilient, fibrous material placed between a foundation and a sill to reduce air infiltration between the outdoors and indoors.

Front 27

anchor bolt

Back 27

A bolt embedded in concrete for the purpose of fastening a building frame to a concrete or masonry foundation.

Front 28

blocking

Back 28

Pieces of wood inserted tightly between joists, studs, or rafters in a building frame to stabilize the structure, inhibit the passage of fire, provide a nailing surface for finish materials, or retain insulation.

Front 29

bridging

Back 29

Bracing or blocking installed between steel or wood joists at midspan to stabilize them against buckling and, in some cases, to permit adjacent joists to share loads.

Front 30

shear wall

Back 30

A wall that is properly sheathed that acts to resist lateral forces.

Front 31

pitch

Back 31

The slope of a roof or other plane, often expressed as inches of rise per foot of run; a dark, viscous hydrocarbon distilled from coal tar; a viscous resin found in wood.

Front 32

rise

Back 32

A difference in elevation, such as the rise of a stair from one floor to the next or the rise per foot of run in a sloping roof.

Front 33

run

Back 33

Horizontal dimension in a stair or sloping roof.

Front 34

rafter

Back 34

A framing member that runs up and down the slope of a steep roof.

Front 35

hip

Back 35

The diagonal intersection of planes in a hip roof.

Front 36

valley

Back 36

A trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes.

Front 37

pattern rafter

Back 37

The first rafter of each type that is laid out by the head carpenter from which other carpenters trace and cut the remainder of the rafters.

Front 38

roof truss

Back 38

A method of framing a roof that finds widespread use in platform frame buildings because of their speed of erection, economy of material usage, and long spans.

Front 39

lookout

Back 39

A short rafter, running perpendicular to the other rafters in the roof, which supports a rake overhang.

Front 40

floor truss

Back 40

A method of framing a floor that finds widespread use in platform frame buildings because of their speed of erection, economy of material usage, and long spans.

Front 41

shed

Back 41

A building or dormer with a single-pitched roof.

Front 42

gable

Back 42

The triangular wall beneath the end of a gable roof.

Front 43

gambrel

Back 43

A roof shape consisting of two superimposed levels of gable roofs with the lower level at a steeper pitch than the upper.

Front 44

mansard

Back 44

A roof shape consisting of two superimposed levels of hip roofs with the lower level at a steeper pitch than the upper.

Front 45

knee wall

Back 45

A short wall under the slope of a roof.

Front 46

fly rafter

Back 46

A rafter in a rake overhang.

Front 47

eave

Back 47

The horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof.

Front 48

plumb cut

Back 48

A saw cut that produces a vertical (plumb) surface at the lower end of a sloping rafter after the rafters is in its final position.

Front 49

level cut

Back 49

A saw cut that produces a level surface at the lower end of a sloping rafter when the rafter is in its final position.

Front 50

collar tie

Back 50

A piece of wood nailed across two opposing rafters near the ridge to resist wind uplift.

Front 51

dormer

Back 51

A structure protruding through the plane of a sloping roof, usually containing a window and having its own smaller roof.

Front 52

fascia

Back 52

The exposed vertical face of an eave.

Front 53

hip roof

Back 53

A roof consisting of four sloping planes that intersect to form a pyramidal or elongated pyramid shape.

Front 54

gable roof

Back 54

A roof consisting of two oppositely sloping planes that intersect at a level ridge.

Front 55

jack rafter

Back 55

A shortened rafter that joins a hip or valley rafter.

Front 56

batter board

Back 56

Pieces of wood stuck into the ground just beyond the area to be excavated to mark out the shape of a building that serve as reference markers for the builder.

Front 57

framing square

Back 57

A tool used to solve the geometric problem of laying out the diagonal hip rafters.

Front 58

prefabricated assemblies

Back 58

Assembled building components, such as roof and floor trusses, put together at a factory and then transported to the site to be installed.

Front 59

eave

Back 59

The horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof.

Front 60

rake

Back 60

The sloping edge of steep roof.

Front 61

gutter

Back 61

A channel to collect rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof.

Front 62

downspout or leader

Back 62

A vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level.

Front 63

splash block

Back 63

A small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.

Front 64

dry well

Back 64

An underground pit filled with broken stone or other porous material, from which rainwater from a roof drainage system can seep into the surrounding soil.

Front 65

ice dam

Back 65

An obstruction along the eave of a roof, caused by the refreezing of water emanating from melting snow on the roof surface above.

Front 66

vent spacer

Back 66

A device used to maintain a free air passage above the thermal insulation in an attic or roof.

Front 67

soffit vent

Back 67

An opening under the eave of a roof used to allow air to flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing.

Front 68

gable vent

Back 68

A screened, louvered opening in a gable, used for exhausting excess heat and humidity from an attic.

Front 69

continuous ridge vent

Back 69

A screened, water-shielded ventilation opening that runs continuously along the ridge of a gable roof.

Front 70

ice-and-water shield

Back 70

A bituminous sheet material that self-heals around nails, applied to roof sheathing along the eaves to prevent entry of water caused by ice dams.

Front 71

housewrap

Back 71

A thin, airtight, vapor-permeable paper made of synthetic fibers as higher performance substitutes for the traditional felt material. They are stapled to the sheathing in large sheets just before the windows and doors are installed.

Front 72

shingles

Back 72

A small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight; to apply shingles.

Front 73

vehicle

Back 73

One of the 4 basic types of ingredients used in most architectural coating materials. Provides adhesion to the substrate and forms a film over it.

Front 74

film-former

Back 74

Another name for a vehicle.

Front 75

solvent

Back 75

One of the 4 basic types of ingredients used in most architectural coatings. A liquid that dissolves another material.

Front 76

pigment

Back 76

One of the 4 basic types of ingredients used in most architectural coatings.

Front 77

additive

Back 77

One of the 4 basic types of ingredients used in most architectural coatings.

Front 78

volatile organic compound (VOC)

Back 78

A compound released into the air from many coatings and other materials that contribute to both interior and exterior air pollution.

Front 79

enamel

Back 79

A glossy or semigloss paint

Front 80

stain

Back 80

Applied to substrates like wood or concrete to change their color. Their color ranges from transparent to semitransparent and solid.

Front 81

clear coating

Back 81

Intended to protect the substrate, make it easier to keep clean, and bring out its inherent beauty.

Front 82

lacquer

Back 82

A clear coating that dries extremely quickly through evaporation of a volatile solvent.

Front 83

varnish

Back 83

A slow-drying transparent coating.

Front 84

shellac

Back 84

A clear coating for interior use that dries rapidly and gives a very fine finish, but it is highly susceptible to water damage.

Front 85

primer

Back 85

A pigmented coating especially formulated to make a surface more paintable.

Front 86

sealer

Back 86

A coating used to close the pores in a surface, usually in preparation for the application of a finish coating.

Front 87

siding

Back 87

The exterior wall finish material applied to a light frame structure.

Front 88

nail-base sheathing

Back 88

A sheathing material, such as wood boards or plywood, to which siding can be attached by nailing, as differentiated from one such as cane fiber board or plastic foam board that is too soft to hold nails.

Front 89

siding nail

Back 89

A nail with a small head, used to fasten siding to a building.

Front 90

bevel siding

Back 90

Wood cladding boards that taper in cross section.

Front 91

shiplap

Back 91

A board with edges rabbeted so as to overlap flush from one board to the next.

Front 92

tongue and groove

Back 92

An interlocking edge detail for joining planks or panels.

Front 93

stucco

Back 93

A portland cement plaster that is a strong, durable, economical, fire resistant material for siding light frame buildings.

Front 94

masonry veneer

Back 94

A single wythe of masonry used as a facing over a frame of wood or metal.