Chapter 5 Study Guide On Genetics From Life Science

Front 1

multiple alleles

Back 1

3 or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait

Front 2

sex chromosomes

Back 2

one of the 23 chromosomal pairs in each body cell they determine whether a person is male or female

Front 3

sex-linked genes

Back 3

gene carried on the X or Y chromosome

Front 4

carrier

Back 4

someone who has one dominant and one recessive allele of the same gene

Front 5

genetic disorder

Back 5

an abnormal condition that a person inherits through its genes or chromosomes

Front 6

pedigree

Back 6

a picture of a person's family and family tree that tracks a trait

Front 7

karyotype

Back 7

a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell

Front 8

selective breeding

Back 8

selecting organisms with desirable traits and multiplying them

Front 9

inbreeding

Back 9

breeding two individuals with similar traits to produce a similar organism

Front 10

hybridization

Back 10

the crossing of two different individuals to produce an organism with traits from both parents

Front 11

clone

Back 11

organism with exactly the same genes from the organism it was produced by

Front 12

genetic engineering

Back 12

transferring one organism's genes to another organism's body

Front 13

gene therapy

Back 13

inserting a copy of a gene into a person's cell to replace a less desirable gene

Front 14

genome

Back 14

all the DNA in one organism

Front 15

some human traits are controlled by single genes with _____ alleles and others by single genes with __________ alleles; still others are controlled by many genes acting ___________

Back 15

two
multiple
together

Front 16

the _____ ____________ carry genes that determine whether a person is male or female

Back 16

sex chromosomes

Front 17

many of a person's _____________ are determined by an interaction of genes and the envoirment

Back 17

characteristics

Front 18

some genetic disorders are caused by ______________ in the _____ of genes

Back 18

mutations
DNA

Front 19

other disorders are caused by changes in ___________________ or ______ of chromosomes

Back 19

overall structure
number

Front 20

one important tool geneticists use to trace the inheritance of traits in humans is a ______________

Back 20

pedigree

Front 21

today doctors use tools such as _____________ to help detect genetic disorders.

Back 21

karyotypes

Front 22

______________, _________, and ___________ engineering are three methods for developing organisms with desirable traits.

Back 22

selective breeding,
cloning
genetic

Front 23

the main goal of the _________________________ is to identify the DNA sequence of every person

Back 23

Human Genome Project

Front 24

A human trait that is controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles is _____________

Back 24

blood type

Front 25

a sex-linked disorder is

Back 25

cystic fibrosis
hemophilia
sickle-cell disease

Front 26

a ____________ would be most helpful in detecting Down Syndrome

Back 26

a karyotype

Front 27

T or F: A widow's peak is a human trait that is controlled by a single gene

Back 27

true

Front 28

T or F: a male inherits two X chromosomes

Back 28

false a female does

Front 29

T or F: a karyotype tracks which members of a family have a trait

Back 29

false a pedigree

Front 30

T or F: Hybridization is the crossing of two genetically similar organisms

Back 30

False it is a crossing of different organisms

Front 31

T or F a genome is all the DNA in one cell of an organism

Back 31

True