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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Electromagnetic Radiation
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a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
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Wavelength
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shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave
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Frequency
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the numver of waves that pass a given point per second
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Amplitude
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the wave's height from the origin to a crest, or from the origin to a trough
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation; the types of radiation differ in their frequencies and wavelengths
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Quantum
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minumum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
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Planck's Constant
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6.626 X 10^-34 J*s, where J is the symbol for the joule
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Photoelectric Effect
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a phenomenon in which photoelectrons are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface
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Photon
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a massless particle that carries a quantum of energy
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Atomic Emission Spectrum
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a set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves given off by atoms of an element; consists of a series of fine lines of individual colors
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Ground State
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the lowest allowable energy state of an atom
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Quantum Number
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the number assigned to each orbit of an electron
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De Broglie Equation
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predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics and relates each particle's wavelength to its frequency, its mass, and Planck's constant
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Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
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states that it is not possible to know precisely both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time
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Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
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an atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves; also called the wave mechanical model of the atom
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Atomic Orbital
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a three-dimensional region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an electron's probable location
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Principle Quantum Number
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assigned by the quantum mechanical model to indicate the relative sizes and energies of atomic orbitals
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Priciple Energy Levels
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the major enerygy levels of an atom
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Energy Sublevels
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the energy levels contained within a pricipal energy level
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Electron Configuration
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the arrangement of electrons in an atom, which is prescribed by three rules-the aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule
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Hund's Rule
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states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with oppisite spins can occupy the same orbitals
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Valence Electrons
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electrons in the atom's outermost orbitals
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Electron-Dot Structure
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consists of an element's symbol, representing the atomic nucleus and inner-level electrons, that is surrounded by dots, representing the atom's valence electrons
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