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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anxiety
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state of apprehension, tension and worry |
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fight or flight response
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Physiological changes in the human body that occur in response to a perceived threat, including the secretion of glucose, endorphins, and hormones as well as the elevation of heart rate, metabolism, blood pressure, breathing, and muscle tension |
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Post Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
an anxiety disorder characterized by (1) repeated mental images of experiencing a traumatic event, (2) emotional numbing and detachment, and (3) hyper vigilanceand chronic arousal |
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PTSD with prominent dissociative (depersonalization/derealization) symptoms |
syndrome marked by frequent episodes of feeling detached from one's own body and mental processes, as if one were an outside observer of oneself; symptoms must cause significant distress or interferences with one's ability to function |
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Adjustment Disorder
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stress-related disorder that involves emotional and behavioral symptoms (depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms, and/or antisocial behaviors) that arise within 3 months ofthe onset of a stressor |
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Stress- inoculation therapy
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a form of cognitive-behavior therapy that focuses on developing skills that allow the individual to cope with stress |
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Animal-type phobias
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extreme fears of specific animals that may induce immediate and intense panic attacks and cause the individual to go to great lengths to avoid the animals |
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Natural environment type phobias
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extreme fears of events or situations in the natural environment that cause impairmentin one's ability to function normally |
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Situational Type Phobias
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extreme fears of situations such as public transportation, tunnels, bridges, elevators, flying, driving, or enclose spaces |
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Blood-injection-injury type phobias
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extreme fears of seeing blood or an injury or of receiving an injection or another invasive medical procedure, which cause a drop in heart rate and blood pressureand fainting |
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Agoraphobia
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anxiety disorder characterized by fear of places and situations in which it would be difficult to escape, such as enclosed places, open spaces, and crowds |
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Negative reinforcement
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processin which people avoid being exposed to feared objects and their avoidance isreinforced by the subsequent reduction of their anxiety |
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Cortisol
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Hormonethat helps the body respond to stressors, inducing the fight or flight response |
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Acute Stress Disorder
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disordersimilar to post-traumatic stress disorder but occurs within 1 month of exposureto the stressor and does not last more than 4 weeks; often involvesdissociative symptoms |
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Specific Phobias
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extreme fears of specific objects or situations that cause an individual to routinely avoid those objects or situations |
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Preparedclassical conditioning
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theory that evolution has prepared people to be easily conditioned to fear objects or situations that were dangerous in ancient times |
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Applied tension technique
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technique used to treat blood-injection-injury type of phobias in which the therapist teaches the client to increase his or her blood pressure and heart rate, thus preventingthe client from fainting |
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Social anxiety disorder
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an anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences intense fear of public humiliation or rejection and therefore tends to avoid social situations |
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Panic Attacks
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short,intense periods during which an individual experiences physiological and cognitive symptoms of anxiety, characterized by intense fear and discomfort |
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Panic disorder
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disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks |
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Locus Ceruleus
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area of the brain stem that plays a part in the emergency response and may beinvolved in panic attacks |
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Anxiety sensitivity
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believe that bodily symptoms have harmful consequences |
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Interoceptive awareness
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sensitivity to stimuli arising from within the body, such as heart rate |
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Interoceptive conditioning
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process by which symptoms of anxiety that have preceded panic attacks become the signals for new panic attacks |
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Conditioned avoidance response
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behavior that is reinforced because it allows individuals to avoid situations that cause anxiety |
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General anxiety disorder (GAD)
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anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety in daily life
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Separation Anxiety disorder
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syndrome of childhood and adolescence marked by the presence of abnormal fear or worryover becoming separated from one's caregiver(s) as well as clinging behaviorsin the presence of the caregiver (s) |
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Behavioral inhibition
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set of behavioral traits including shyness, fearfulness, irritability, cautiousness, and introversion; behaviorally inhibited children tend to avoidor withdraw from novel situations, are clingy with parents, and becomeexcessively aroused when exposed to unfamiliar situations |
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Obsessions
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uncontrollable,persistent thoughts, images, ideas, or impulses that an individual feelsintrude on his or her consciousness and that cause significant anxiety ordistress |
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Compulsions
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repetitivebehaviors or mental acts that an individual feels he or she must perform |
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) |
anxietydisorder characterized by obsessions (persistent thoughts) and compulsions(rituals)
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Hoarding
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acompulsive disorder characterized by the inability to throw away unneededpossessions (such as trash)
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Hair-pulling disorder (Trichotillomania) |
disordercharacterized by recurrent pulling out of the hair resulting in noticeable hairloss; these individuals report tension immediately before or while attemptingto resist the impulse, and pleasure or relief when they are pulling out theirhair |
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Skin-picking disorder |
adisorder characterized by recurrent picking at scabs or places on the skin,creating significant lesions that often become infected and cause scares |
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Body dysmorphic disorder
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syndromeinvolving obsessive concern over a part of the body the individual believes isdefective but that others see as normal or only slightly unusual |
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Exposure and response prevention
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typeof therapy in which individuals withanxiety symptoms are exposed repeatedly to the focus of their anxiety butprevented from avoiding it or engaging in compulsive responses to the anxiety |