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189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anatomic Position |
Refrence position
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Coronal Plane |
Frontal plane
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Sagittal Plane |
Lateral Plane Divides the body left and right. |
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Transverse Plane
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Axial Plane Divides the body top and bottom |
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Midsagittal Plane |
Midline The sagittal plane that runs from nose to navel. |
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Midclavicular line |
Anterior sagittal line that intersects the middle of the clavicle |
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Midscapular line |
Posterioir sagittal line that intersects the middle of the scapula |
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Superior |
Top The portion that is closer to the head. Opposite of inferior. |
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Inferior |
Bottom The portion that is close to the feet. Opposite of superior |
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Lateral
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Outer Lie further from the midline. Opposite of medial |
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Medial
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Inner Lie closer to the midline. Opposite of lateral. |
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Proximal
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Closer to the trunk. Opposite of distal. |
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Distal
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Further from the trunk. Opposite of proximal. |
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Superficial
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Closer or on the skin. Opposite of deep. |
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Deep
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Further inside the body. Opposite of superficial. |
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Ventral
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Anterior or belly side. Opposite of dorsal. |
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Dorsal
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Posterior or spine side. Opposite of ventral. |
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Anterior
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Ventral or belly side. Opposite of posterior. |
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Posterior
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Dorsal or spine side. Opposite of anterior. |
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Palmar
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Front of the hand. Relating to the palm. |
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Plantar
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Surface of the foot; relating to the sole. |
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Apex
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The tip of a structure. Opposite of base.
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Base |
The blunt part of a structure. Opposite apex. |
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Flexion |
Bending of a joint. Opposite extension. |
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Extension
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Straightening of a joint. Opposite flexion. |
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Adduction
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Motion toward the midline |
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Abduction
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Motion away from the midline. |
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Bilateral |
Appearing on both sides of the midline. (i.e. eyes, ears, etc...) |
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Unilateral |
Appearing on one side of the midline. (i.e. heart, liver or stroke pain / paralysis) |
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Prone position |
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Supine position |
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Trendelenburg position |
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Semi-Fowler position |
Sitting up without knees bent |
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Fowler's position
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Modified Trendelenburg position |
Shock position Legs elevated bent at hips; torso and head level. More common. |
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Left Lateral Recumbent position |
Recovery position
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Right Lateral Recumbent position |
Patient lies on the right side |
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Torso |
Trunk of the body |
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Body Regions |
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Body Systems |
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Integumentary system |
Skin |
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Endocrine system |
Hormones |
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Ligament |
A band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint. |
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Tendon |
Flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen which connects muscles to bones. |
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Cartilage |
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Axial Skeleton |
Foundation where the arms and legs are hung.
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Appendicular Skeleton
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Rest of the skeleton
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Skull |
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Cranium
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Comprised of 4 thick bones, fused bones above the eyes and ear to protect the brain.
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Fontanelles
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Soft spots on the top of an infant's head where the bones have not fuzed together. |
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Foramen Magnum
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Frontal bone |
Forehead |
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Sphenoid |
Basilar skull
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Occiput bone |
Most posterior part of the cranium |
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Temporal bone |
Temples Lateral portion of the cranium |
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Parietal bone |
Sides and crown of the head |
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Facial bones |
Includes:
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Mandible |
Jawbone largest, strongest and lowest bone in the face |
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Maxillae
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Two maxilla bones forming the upper jaw and palate of the mouth |
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Zygomatic bone |
Cheekbone / malar bone largest, strongest and lowest bone in the face |
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Nasal bone
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Bridge of the nose |
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Orbit |
Eye Socket
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Head & Neck Topography |
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Mastoid process |
A protrusion of the temporal bone |
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Temporomandibular joint |
TMJ The joint between the between the mandible and temporal bone |
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Spinal Column
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Includes:
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Cervical spine
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Thoracic spine |
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Lumbar spine |
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Sacrum
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Coccyx |
Tailbone
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Thorax
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Thoratic cavity / Chest
Contains
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Great Vessels |
Aorta and two venae cavae |
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Sternum |
Brestplate
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Suprasternal Notch |
Jugular Notch
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Mandibrim |
Upper section of the sternum |
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Sternum Body |
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Xiphoid process |
A narrow cartilaginous tip inferior to the body of Sternum |
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Upper extremity
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Shoulder Girdle |
Shoulder Joint Comprised of 3 bones: Clavicle, Scapula and Humerus |
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Clavicle |
Collar Bone
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Scapula |
Shoulder blade
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Humerus |
Upper Arm Long bone that runs from the shoulder to the elbow |
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Radius |
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Ulna
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Hand |
Comprised of:
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Carpals |
Wrist
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Metacarpals
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Hand bones |
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Phalanges |
Fingers / digits
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Bicep |
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Tricep |
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Brachial artery |
The major blood vessel of the upper arm between the elbow and wrist |
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Radial artery |
The main artery of the lateral forearm |
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Ulnar artery
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The main artery of the medial forearm |
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Abdominal cavity |
Space below the diaphragm and above the rim of the pelvis |
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Quadrants |
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RUQ
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Right Upper Quadrant
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RLQ |
Right Lower Quadrant
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LUQ |
Left Upper Quadrant
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LLQ |
Left Lower Quadrant
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Peritoneum |
Double membrane that reduces friction between moving organs
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Visceral Organs |
Solid Organs
Include:
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Hollow Organs |
Include:
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Pelvis |
Closed bony ring that consists of three bones: the sacrum and the two pelvic bones.
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Pelvic bone |
Hip bone Formed by fusing three separate bones
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Pubic Symphysis
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Iliac crest |
the superior border of the wing of ilium and the superolateral margin of the greater pelvis. |
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Acetabulum |
Hip joint Ball-joint where the head of the femur fits into the pelvis |
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Lower Extremity
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Bones: Femur, Patella, Fibula, Tibia, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges Arteries: Femoral |
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Femur |
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Patella |
Kneecap Covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint |
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Tibia |
Shinbone |
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Fibula |
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Foot |
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Tarsals |
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Metatarsals |
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Phalanges |
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Femoral Artery |
The main arterial supply to the lower limb. |
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Articulation
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Joint
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Symphysis |
A fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones that creates a slightly movable joint. (e.g. the pubic symphysis) |
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Joint capsule
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Sacroiliac joint
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Synovial membrane |
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Synovial fluid
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A thick lubricant that allow the bones to glide over each other. |
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Ball-and-socket joint
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A joint that allows for rotation and bending |
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Hinge joint |
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Pivot Joint |
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Skeletal system |
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Musculoskeletal system
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Locomotion system
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Muscles |
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Involuntary muscle
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Smooth and Cardiac muscle
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Smooth muscle |
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Cardiac muscle
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Skeletal muscle
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Voluntary muscle
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Antagonistic pairs
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Muscle groups that work against each other to provide full range of motion (i.e. bicep & tricep) |
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Pectoral |
Pecs
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Latissimus dorsi |
Lats
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Rectus abdominis |
Abs
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Tibialis anterior |
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Gastrocnemius
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Quadriceps
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Quads
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Biceps femoris |
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Gluteus
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Pronation |
Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces poisteriorly or down |
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Supination |
Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly or up |
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Dorsiflexion
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Flexion of the entire foot superiorly (point toes up) |
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Plantar flexion
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Flexion of the entire foot down (point toes down) |
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Eversion
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Inversion |
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Respitory system
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All of the structures in the body that contribute to breathing. Includes the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. |
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Upper airway |
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Pharynx |
Throat
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Nasopharynx |
The space above the soft palate at the back of the nose and connects the nose to the mouth |
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Oropharynx
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The throat at the back of the mouth |
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Laryngopharynx |
Sits behind and on either side of the larynx |
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Larynx |
Voice box |
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Epiglottis
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Hyoid bone |
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Thyroid cartilage |
Adams Apple |
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Cricoid cartilage
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* Only full ring of cartilage in the upper airway * Location for using the Sellick maneuver |
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Cricothyroid Membrane |
* Can be felt as a depression in the midline of the neck * Where a needle device can be inserted |
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Trachea |
* Apart of the lower airway * About 5" long semi-rigid tube * Supported by incomplete rings of cartilage * Ends at the carina and divides into two smaller tubes |
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Mainstem Bronchi
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* Labeled Left and Right * Tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs |
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Bronchi
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* progressively smaller branches off of the Mainstem * 3 Major on the Right, 2 on the Left |
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Bronchiole
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* Lowest level division of Bronchi * Have tiny sacs called alveoli |
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Lung
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Alveoli |
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Pleura |
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Parietal pleura |
The lining in the chest wall |
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Visceral pleura |
The outside covering of the lungs |
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Pleural Space |
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Diaphragm |
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Negative Pressure Breathing |
Breathing caused by the Diaphragm, intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles and pectoral muscles contracting which forms a negative space in the chest cavity which then pulls the lungs open and vaccumes air into the lungs. |
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Ventilation |
Movement of air between the lungs and the environment. |
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Respiration |
The process of gas exchange
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Inhalation |
Air into the lungs
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Exhalation |
Air flows out of the lungs
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Inhaled Air |
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Exhaled Air |
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Diffusion |
A passive process where molicules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
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Capillary |
A site here gas exchange for blood occurs |
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Systemic Capillary |
The point at which O2 is given to a cell from the blood and waste CO2 is taken |
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Pulmonary Capillary |
The point at which waste CO2 is given from the blood and O2 from the atmosphere is taken |
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Tidal volume |
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Inspiratory reserve volume |
IRV
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Expiratory Reserve Volume |
ERV
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Residual Volume |
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Dead space |
The space in the airway that does not have alveoli and therefore does not contribute to blood gas exchange |
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Lung Capacity |
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