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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
FUNCTION
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the skeletal system consist of 206 bones that makeup the internal framework of the body, called the skeleton. The skeleton supports the body, protects internal organs, serves as a point of attachment for skeletal muscles for body movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals
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ORGANS
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Bones
Joints |
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COMBINING FORMS
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COMBINING FORMS
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Ankly/o
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stiff joint
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Arthr/o or Articul/o
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joint
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Carp/o
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wrist
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Cervic/o
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neck
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Chondr/o
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cartilage
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Coccyg/o
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coccyx
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Cost/o
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rib
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Crani/o
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skull
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Kyph/o
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hump
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Lord/o
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bent backward
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Mandibul/o
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mandible
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Medull/o
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inner portion
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Metacarp/o
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metacarpals
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Myel/o
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bone marrow, spinal cord
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Orth/o
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straight
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Oste/o
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bone
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Phalang/o
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phalanges
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Scoli/o
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crooked, bent
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Thorac/o
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chest
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-clasia
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to surgically break
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-desis
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stabilize, fuse
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Bone Marrow
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is the site of blood cell production
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Joint
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is the place where 2 bones meet and are held together by ligaments. This gives flexibility to the skeleton. The skeleton, joint, and muscles work together to produce movement.
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BONES
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also called osseous tissue. Bones are formed from a gradual process beginning before birth called ossification
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Bones Structures
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4 categories based on shape. Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular. The majority of bones are long bones. The middle part of a bones is the Diaphysis. Each end part is Epiphysis which is covered by articular cartilage that prevents bones from rubbing directly on bone. The hard exterior bone is cortical or compact bone. Cancellous or sponge bone is found inside the bone.
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SKELETON
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the human skeleton has two division. The axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.
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Axial Skeleton
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includes bones in the head, neck, spine, chest and trunk. These form the central axis for the body and protect the internal organs as the brain, lungs, and heart. the skull is divided into the cranium and facial bones. These bones protect the brain, eyes, ear, nasal cavity, and oral cavity from injury. The muscles for chewing and moving the head are attached to the cranial bones.
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Bones in the Vertebral/Spinal Column
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Cervical Vertebra 7
Thoracic Vertebra 12 Lumbar Vertebra 5 Sacrum 1 Coccyx 1 |
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VOCABULARY
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VOCABULARY
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Kyphosis
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hunchback
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Lordosis
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excessive curvature of lumbar
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Orthopedics
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branch of medice specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system.
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Podiatry
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healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the feet and lower legs.
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Greenstick Fracture
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fracture in which there is an incomplete break
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Osteomalacia
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softening of the bones caused by deficiency of calcium
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Osteoporosis
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decrease in bone mass that results in a thinning and weakening of the bone with resulting fractures
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Herniated Nucleus Pulposus(HNP)
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hernitation or protusion of an intervertebral disk
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Scoliosis
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Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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Spinal Stenosis
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narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on the cord and nerves
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Osteoarthritis
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arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones and joints
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Arthroscopy
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examination of the interior joint by entering the joint with an arthroscope
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Section II
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Muscular System at a Glance
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FUNCTION
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Muscles are bundles, sheets or rings of tissue that produce movement by contracting and pulling on the structures to which they are attached.
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ORGANS
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Muscles
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COMBINING FORM
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COMBINING FORM
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Kinesi/o
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movement
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My/o
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muscle
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Myocardi/o
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heart muscle
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Plant/o
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sole of foot
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Ten/o, Tend/o or Tendin/o
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tendon
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SUFFIXES
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SUFFIXES
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-asthenia
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weakness
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-kinesia
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movement
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-tonia
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tone
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PREFIXES
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PREFIXES
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ab-
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away from
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ad-
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toward
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circum-
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around
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Muscles
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are bundles of parallel muscle tissue fibers which produce movement of the body
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TYPES OF MUSCLES
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Skeletal(voluntary)
Smooth(involuntary) Cardiac(involuntary) |
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Skeletal Muscle
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are directly or indirectly attached to the bones and produce voluntary movement of the skeleton
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Smooth Muscle
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is found in association with internal organs also know as a visceral muscle
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Cardiac Muscle
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or myocardium which makes up the wall of the heart
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MUSCLE ACTIONS
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MUSCLE ACTIONS
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Abduction
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movement away from the midline of the body
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Adduction
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movement toward midline of the body
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Flexion
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act of bending or being bent
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Extension
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movement that brings limb into ot toward a straight condition
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Pronation
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to turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot
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Supination
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turning the palm or foot upward
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Atrophy
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poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease
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Electromyography(EMG)
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study and record of the strenght and quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation
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