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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a scientist who studies the structure of the earth |
geologist |
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a solid, unmovable layer of rock below the subsoil; part of the earth's crust |
bedrock |
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hot, liquid rock within the earth; molten rock |
magma |
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magma that has erupted through the earth's surface |
lava |
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the forming of soil from rock |
weathering |
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any material found in God's creation which is helpful to man |
natural resource |
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decaying plant and animal material |
humus |
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a substance that forms a special kind of solid called a crystal |
mineral |
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a solid form of a substance having a definite shape; flat surfaces, and sharp edges |
crystal |
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a rocklike object that was formed in a hole of a limestone deposit; it looks like a mudball and has crystals inside |
geode |
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a rare, beautiful mineral which is very hard |
gemstone |
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a scientist who studies minerals |
mineralogist |
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a stone formation hanging from the roof of a cave; formed by the evaporation of dripping water filled with water |
stalactite |
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an unrefined or unprocessed oil (in its natural state); crude oil |
petroleum |
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a black or brown rocklike substance found in layers of rock; a fossil fuel |
coal |
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the preserved remains of a plant or animal |
fossil |
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a scientist who studies fossils |
paleontologist |
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What is soil? |
loose earth containing humus and tiny pieces of weathered rock |
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Name two ways in which physical weathering breaks or wears down rock. |
Extreme temperature changes can break rock; water/wind can cause weathering; germinating seeds can put roots into small cracks, causing rocks to break; glaciers can slowly wear away soft rock. |
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How does quartz get its color? |
impurities |
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What is the name for plant and animal remains that have turned to stone? |
petrified fossils |
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Name the famous geyser in Yellowstone National Park. |
Old Faithful |
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How is a cave formed? |
Acid in rainwater dissolves some of the rock, especially limestone, underground. |
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Why are rocks found near a river delta usually sedimentary rocks? |
because rivers deposit sediment at their basins and the sediment builds up layer by layer to form sedimentary rock |
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How does a geyser work? |
Water fom surrounding rock fills a channel running from the surface to hot rock below. Water at the bottom of the channel becomes superheated and turns to steam, forcing some of the column of water out of the channel. More water begins to boil and turn to steam, causing the entire column to erupt into the air. |
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a rock that floats |
pumice |
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the hardest substance |
diamond |
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most of the rock deep below the surface of the land |
granite |
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the only metal wich is liquid at room temperature |
mercury |
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the rarest gemstone |
ruby |
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was once limestone |
marble |
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the best conductor of electricity |
silver |
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the best low-cost electrical conductor available |
copper |
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a soft, yellow metal that can be hammered into thin sheets |
gold |
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a radioactive metal which is the primary source of nuclear power |
uranium |
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a metal that is lightweight, rustproof, silvery-colored, and non-magnetic |
aluminum |
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the mineral with crystals that break into flat sheets |
mica |
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rock formed from the shells of sea creatures |
limestone |
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was once shale |
slate |
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the most useful metal |
iron |
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volcanic glass |
obsidian |
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a rock that is made of sand |
sandstone |
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a rock that smells like mud when it gets wet |
shale |
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You are looking at pictures of a volcano erupting in Hawaii. What rocks would you expect to find when the lava cooled? |
pumice and obsidian |
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While visiting a museum, you notice a beautiful granite monument. How was the granite for the monument formed? |
magma slowly cooled underground |
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In your rock collection, you have a piece of limestone and a piece of marble. You notice that they have different textures and weights, and yet you know that the marble was at one time limestone. Why are the textures and weights different? |
Marble is a metamorphic rock which has been changed from limestone by pressure and heat deep in the earth's crust. |