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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List four essential functions of epithelial tissue.
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Provide physical protection, control permeabliity, provide sensation, and produce specialized secretions
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Summarize the classification of an epithelium based on cell shape and number of cell layers.
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Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar. Simple and sqaumous
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What is the probable function of an epithelial surface whose cells bear many cilia?
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movement of substances
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Identify the various types of epithelial intrecellular connections.
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occluding junctions, adhesion belts, gap junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes.
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How do epithelial tissues, which are avascular, obtain needed nutrients?
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blood vessels in underlying tissues.
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What is the functional significance of gap junctions?
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help coordinate the functioning of adjacent cells by allowing small molecules and ions to pass from cell to cell.
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What properties are common to keratinized epithelia?
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tough and water resistant.
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Why do the pharynx, esophagus, anus, and vagina have a similar epithelial organization?
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All these sites are subject to mechanical stresses and abrasion.
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Under a light microscope, simple squamous epithelium is seen on the outer surface. Could this be a skin surface sample? Why or why not?
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No. It provides too little protection against infection, abrasion, or dehydration to function effectively on the skin surface.
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Identify the epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and changes in appearance as stretching occurs.
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transitional epithelium.
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Describe the appearance of simple cuboidal epithelial cells in sectional view. |
square and have central nuclei
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Stratified cuboidal epithelia are assiciated with what epithelial structures?
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the ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and other exocrine glands.
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Describe the appearance of simple columnar epithelial cells in a sectional view.
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tall slender rectangles containing elongated nuclei close to the basal lamina.
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Explain why a pseudostratified columnar epithelium is not truly stratified.
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all of its epithelial cells contact the basal lamina.
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The columnar epithelium lining the intestine typically has ---------- on its apical surface.
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microvilli
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Name the two primar types of glands.
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Endocrine glands and Exocrine glands
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What mode of secretion occurs in secretory cells of sebaceous glands, which fill with secretions and then rupture, releasing their contents?
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holocrine secretion.
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Which type of gland has no ducts to carry the glandular secretions, and the gland's secretions are released directly into the intersticial fluid?
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endocrine gland.
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Identify the types of cells found in connective tissue proper?
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melanocytes, fixed macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, plasma cells, free macrophages, mesenchymal cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes.
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Which type of connective tissue contains primarily lipids?
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adipose (fat) tissue.
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Describe the role of fibroblasts in connective tissue.
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secretes the proteins that form collagen, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers in the matrix.
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Which two types of connective tissue have a liquid matrix?
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blood and lymph.
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Lack of vitamin C in the diet interferes with the ability of fibroblasts to produce collagen. How might this affect connective tissue function?
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impair the production of collagen fibers, which add strength to connective tissue. The deficiency would result in tissue that is weak and prone to damage.
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Summarize the role of extracellular fluid in maintaining homeostasis.
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helps eliminate local differences in the levels of nutrients, wastes, or toxins; maintains blood volume; and alerts the immune system to infectious agents or infections.
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Mature cartilage cells are called-------.
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chondrocytes.
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Which connective tissue fiber is characteristic of the cartilage supporting the ear?
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elastic fibers.
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If a person has a herniated intervertebral disk, which type of cartilage has been damaged?
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fibrous cartilage.
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Mature bone cells in the lacunae are called ---------.
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osteocytes.
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Distinguish between the two types of supporting connective tissues with respect to their characteristic fibers.
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bone contains only collagen fibers, cartilage may contain collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.
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Explain why bone does not undergo intersticial growth.
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the matrix of bone is solid and calcified.
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Name the four types of membranes found in the body.
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mucous membranes, serous membranes, the cutaneous membrane, and synovial membranes.
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Which cavities in the body are lined by serous membrane?
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pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities.
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A sheet of tissue has many layers of collagen fibers that run in different directions in successive layers. Which type of tissue is this?
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fascia,
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Identify the three types of muscle tissue in the body.
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skeletal muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and smooth muscle tissue.
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Which type of muscle tissue has small, tapering cells with single nuclei and no obvious striations?
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smooth
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Irregularly shaped cells with many fibrous projections, some several centimeters long, are probably which type of cell?
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neurons.
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Identify the two processes in the response to tissue injury.
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inflammation and regeneration.
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What are the four indications of inflammation that occurs following an injury?
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swelling, redness, warmth, and pain.
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Why can inflammation occur in any organ in the body?
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all organs have connective tissues.
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