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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
calorie
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term used by scientists to measure the energy stored in foods; 1000 calories
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carbohydrate
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compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
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fat
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lipid; made up of fatty acids and glycerol; protects body organs, insulates body, and stores energy in the body
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protein
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macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes
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vitamin
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organic molecule that helps regulate body processes
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mineral
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inorganic nutrient the body needs, usually in small amounts
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amylase
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enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
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esophagus
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food tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
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peristalsis
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rhythmic muscular contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach
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stomach
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large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food
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chyme
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mixture of stomach fluids and food produced in the stomach by contracting stomach muscles
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small intestine
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digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place
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pancreas
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gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid
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liver
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large organ just above the stomach that produces bile, a fluid loaded with lipids and salts
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villus
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folded projection that increases the surface area of the walls of the small intestine
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large intestine
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colon; organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it
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kidney
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organ that removes urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter
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ureter
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tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
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urinary bladder
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saclike organ in which urine is stored before being excreted
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nephron
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blood-filtering unit in the renal cortex of the kidney
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filtration
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process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes
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glomerulus
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small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place
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Boman's capsule
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cup-shaped structure in the upper end of a nephron that encases the glomerulus
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reabsorption
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process in which liquid is taken back into a vessel
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loop of Henle
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section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes the volume of urine
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urethra
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tube that carries urine from the bladder and releases it from the body; in males, tube through which semen is released from the body
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