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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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increased intracranial pressure
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compartment syndrome
brain swelling hydrocephalus tumors |
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traumatic brain injury
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primary - d/t impact
secondary - d/t hemorrhage, ischemia, infection, increased ICP |
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intracranial hematomas
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epidural, b/w dura and skull, rapid accumulation, quick decrease in neuro function, life threatening
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subdural hematomas
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b/w dura and brain, slower bleed, delayed onset
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intracerebral hematoma
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inside brain tissue
d/t neoplasm sx vary d/t location |
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Ischemic/thrombotic CVA
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80%
partial or complete blockage of flow to part or all of the brain |
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hemorrhagic CVA
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15%
bleeding in brain -> ICP hypertension, AVM, aneurysm |
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sx of CVA
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sudden onset
numbness/weakness hemiplegia confusion, dysphagia visual changes, dizziness ataxia, severe headache |
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rx of CVA
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CT scan to determine type
thrombotic: thrombolytics, anticoagulants hemorrhage: relieve ICP, drain |
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cerebral aneurysm
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hernia of cerebral artery
pressure on cerebral tissue risk: rupture, bleed sx: nuchal rigidity, worst headache |
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arteriovenous malformation
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tangle of blood vessels
bypasses normal brain tissue directly diverts from arteries to veins |
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meningitis
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inflammation of the meninges
viral or bacterial spread from another source |
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risks and symptoms of meningitis
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risks: close quarters, immune comprimised
sx: headache, nuchal rigidity, fever, confusion, delirium, seizures rapid onset and deterioration |
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encephalitis
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inflammation of the brain or spinal chord
usually virus sx: vague, fever, HA, nuchal rigidity, neuro disturbances, malaise, lethargy |
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seizures
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spontaneous nerve firing
d/t(?) fever, electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia, CNS infection |
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seizure terminology
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post ictal - after seizure
inter ictal - during seizure prodrome/aura - warning epilepsy - recurrent seizures |
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partial seizures
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simple: no LOC, one part of body, one sense
complex: abnormal activity w/ change in LOC |
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generalized seizures
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absence: 2-10 sec. blank stare
atypical absence: myoclonic jerks Grand mal: convulsion |
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tonic phase
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10-20sec. of muscle contraction
open mouth and eyes leg extension/arm abduction tongue biting high pitched cry clenched jaw incontinence |
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clonic phase
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30sec-2min.
rhythmic/violent muscle spasm no respiration autonomic responsis |
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terminal phase
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~5min. disorientation/confusion
coma-like state flat EEG sleep, HA, nausea, fatigue, myalgias, no memory of event |
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Status epilepticus
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life threatening emergency
recurring tonic-clonic seizures hypoxia/anoxia brain damage, dysrhthmias, hypoglycemia |
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Alzheimer disease
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pathologic findings at autopsy
amyloid plaques neurofibrillary tangles decreased acetylcholine production diagnosis of exclusion |
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stages of alzheimer
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first: short-term memory loss
second: confusional state (disorientation, poor hygiene, poor insight, poor language use), sundown syndrome Third: incontinence, inability to recognize family and friends |
