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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cambrian Explosion |
First modern organisms appear 543 mya and then BOOM! all the phyla are present! |
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Opisthokonta |
Refers to a monophyletic group.
Includes: animals, fungi, and some closely related protist groups. |
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Multicellularity |
The state of being composed of many cells that adhere to each other and do not all express the same genes, leading to cells with specialized functions.
Benefits 1. size |
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Heterotrophy |
An organism that is unable to synthesize its own organic carbon-based compounds from inorganic sources, hence, feeds on organic matter produced by, or available in, other organisms. |
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Motility |
The ability to move.
All animals must by definition move at some point in its life cycle. |
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Neurons |
Nerve cells. Capable of transmitting electrical signals when excited (action potential). |
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Animal |
Three traits: 1. Multicellular; also must lack cell wall 2. Heterotrophic 3. Moltile |
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Comparative morphology |
The analysis of the patterns in structures within the body plan of an organism. Forms the basis of taxonomical categorization. |
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Comparative genomics |
The genome sequences of different species are compared. |
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Sessile |
Fixed in one place; immobile. |
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Choanocytes |
Collar cells on sponges-unique to the sponge-it lines the radial canal has flagella that whip and move the water to the body cavity. |
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Colonies |
Groups of attached individual cells. |
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Extracellular Matrix (ECM) |
Network of macromolecules that occupy space not occupied by cells: 2) influences survival, development, proliferation, migration and function of cells |
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Epithelial tissue (in sponges) |
A layer of tightly joined cells that covers the interior and exterior (in contact with the outside) surfaces of the animal. |
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Spicules |
Are stiff spikes of silica or CaCO3 that provide structural support to the ECM. |
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Diploblasts |
Animals whose embryos have only two germ layers (Ecto/Endoderm) |
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Triploblasts |
Animals whose embryos have all three germ layers (Ecto/Meso/Endoderm). |
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Ectoparasite |
A parasite that lives on the outside of its host rather than within the hosts body. Fleas and lice are examples. |
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Parasitoids |
An organism that practices parasitoidism- the feeding by certain insect larvae on host tissues such that the host remains alive until larval development is complete and then usually dies. |
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Herbivore |
An animal that feeds on plants. |
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Volatile organic compound |
Organic chemicals that are gases, produced by plants in defense. |
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Suspension feeders |
An animal that feeds on material (such as planktonic organisms) suspended in water and that usually has various structural modifications for straining out its food (filters water). |
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Deposit feeders |
Usually an aquatic animal that feeds on small specks of organic matter that have drifted down through the water and settled on the bottom. |
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Fluid feeders |
Are organisms that feed on the fluid of other organisms. 1. Hematophagy- feeding on blood. 2. Nectarivore- feeding on nectar. |
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Mass feeders |
An animal that ingests chunks of food. |
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Asexual reproduction |
The type of reproduction that does not involve gametes and where the offspring grows off from the adult. |
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Sexual reproduction (internal) |
A male typically inserts a sperm-transfer organ into the body of a female. In some animal species, males produce sperm in packets, which females then pick up and insert into their own bodies. |
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Sexual reproduction (external) |
Common in aquatic species. Females lay eggs onto a substrate or release then into the open water. Males shed sperm, which swim, on or near the eggs or into open water. |
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Viviparous |
Animal whose eggs develop inside the female. |
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Oviparous |
Egg-laying. |
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Ovoviviparous |
Producing living young from eggs that hatch within the body |
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Metamorphosis |
A drastic change from one developmental stage to another. |
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Life cycle |
A type of development consisting of four distinct stages - egg, larva, pupa, and adult. |
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Larvae |
Look radically different from adults, live in different environments, and eat different foods. |
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Juveniles |
Look similar to the adults but still live in different environments and eat different foods. Sexually immature. |
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Adults |
Fully mature and can reproduce. |