Chapter 3 Of The History Of The World: Down To Egypt

Front 1

Mizraim

Back 1

Ham's son who settled in Egypt

Front 2

Herodotus

Back 2

the Greek historian who viewed the ruins of Egypt in the fifth century B.C. and wrote of his impressions

Front 3

sphinxes

Back 3

large stone statues with the heads men, rams, or hawks and the bodies of lions

Front 4

hieroglyphics

Back 4

means "sacred carvings"; the writing of the Egyptians

Front 5

Moses

Back 5

the Israelite who God chose to lead his people out of Egypt

Front 6

Rosetta Stone

Back 6

the stone containing a message carved in three languages: hieroglyphics, demotic, and Greek

Front 7

Jean Francis Champollion

Back 7

the French scholar who solved the riddle of the Rosetta Stone

Front 8

delta region

Back 8

one of the most fertile areas in the ancient world; named after the Greek letter delta

Front 9

Nile River

Back 9

the longest river in the world and one of the only rivers which flow south to north

Front 10

papyrus

Back 10

plants that grew along the river banks which the Egyptians used to make boats, baskets, boxes, mats, sandals, furniture, and paper.

Front 11

cataracts

Back 11

rapids

Front 12

archaeology

Back 12

the study of the relics and ruins of ancient cultures

Front 13

pharaohs

Back 13

the kings of the Egyptians

Front 14

mummification

Back 14

the process by which the Egyptians persevered the bodies of the dead

Front 15

Upper Egypt

Back 15

the southern part of the Egyptian Empire which extended to the first cataract

Front 16

Lower Egypt

Back 16

the northern part of the Egyptian Empire which included the delta area

Front 17

Menes

Back 17

the first pharaoh of all Egypt; united Upper and Lower Egypt

Front 18

Memphis

Back 18

the capital of Egypt which Menes built

Front 19

dynasties

Back 19

families within which the right to be king passes from one member to the other

Front 20

Old Kingdom

Back 20

the first dynasty of Egypt which ended because of internal turmoil

Front 21

Middle Kingdom

Back 21

began when there was internal turmoil and ended when they were conquered by the Hyksos

Front 22

New Kingdom

Back 22

began when the Hyksos were driven out of Egypt

Front 23

Hyksos

Back 23

a people from the east, about whom little is known, which conquered Egypt and ruled for a time until they were driven out

Front 24

mastabas

Back 24

simple brick structures which flat tops and sloping sides which were used as the earliest tombs for the pharaohs

Front 25

Step Pyramid

Back 25

the first structure in the world made entirely of stone; made up of six mastabas stacked together, each smaller than the one beneath

Front 26

Giza

Back 26

the area where the three most famous pyramids

Front 27

Great Pyramid

Back 27

the largest pyramid which was built for the pharaoh Khufu

Front 28

Khafre

Back 28

the second largest pyramid at Giza was built for this pharaoh

Front 29

Great Sphinx

Back 29

a gigantic statue carved in limestone which has a lion's body and a human head and stands near the pyramid of Khafre

Front 30

Menkaure

Back 30

the third pyramid at Giza was built for this pharaoh

Front 31

mortuary temples

Back 31

the type of tomb which the pharaohs started using after the pyramids

Front 32

Hatshepsut

Back 32

the only female pharaoh

Front 33

Ramses II

Back 33

the vain pharaoh who really liked statues of himself

Front 34

Tutankhamen

Back 34

the young pharaoh who's tomb was hardly disturbed

Front 35

tribute

Back 35

payment from one nation to another

Front 36

Thutmose III

Back 36

under this pharaoh the Egyptian empire reached its greatest extent

Front 37

the first class in Egyptian society

Back 37

nobles and priests

Front 38

the second class in Egyptian society

Back 38

craftsmen, scribes, and soldiers

Front 39

the third class in Egyptian society

Back 39

farmers and slaves