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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ion
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an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge
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atom
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the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element
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compound
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a substance made of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
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pH
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a value that is used to express the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a system; each whole number on the scale indicates a ten fold change in acidity; a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic
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element
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a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of the element have the same ionic number
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ionic bond
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the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transffered from one atom to another
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covalent bond
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a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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solution
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a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed
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molecule
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a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties
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acid
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any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts
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base
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any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts
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carbohydrate
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a class of molecules, that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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lipid
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a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties; examples include, oils, waxes, and steroids
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protein
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an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and is a principal component of all cells
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enzyme
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a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
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active site
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on an enzyme, the site that attaches to a substrate
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substrate
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a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes
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energy
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the capacity to do work
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reactant
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a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
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product
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a substance that forms in a chemical reaction
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