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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 types of biomolecules |
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
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What makes a molecule organic? |
if it contains carbon |
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Why is carbon so good at making compounds? |
It has 4 valence electrons to form covalent bonds with. |
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Monomer |
simple organic molecule that exists individually- makes up polymers |
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Polymer |
large organic molecules formed by combining monomers |
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Another name for Carbohydrates |
Sugars |
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Monomers of Carbohydrates |
Carbon rings |
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Monosaccharides |
One individual ring; glucose |
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Disaccharides |
2 carbon rings that are bonded together; sucrose, lactose |
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Polysaccharides |
more than 2 carbon rings |
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3 Most Important Monosaccharides in Living Organisms |
Glucose, ribose, deoxyribose |
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four different forms of polysaccharides(polymers) addressed and their function. |
Starch- the storage form of glucose in plants, glycogen- the storage form of glucose in animals, Cellulose- is found in the cell walls of plants, Chitin- found in the exoskeleton of crabs, structural polysaccharide |
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differences between fats and oils. |
Fats usually come from animals, and oils come from plants. Fats are solids at room temp, oils are liquid at room temp |
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components of the different lipid polymersTriglycerides |
One glyceride backbone, three fatty acids |
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know what makes a compound a fatty acid |
Fatty acid- COOH at the end |
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the difference between saturated, unsaturated |
Saturated means a molecule has the maximum number of bonds in it. (4) no double bonds. |
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Cis |
hydrogens are on the same sides |
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Trans |
hydrogens on opposite sides. |
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basic structure of a phospholipid and where it is found in cells. |
Has a phosphate group in it, has 2 fatty acid tails. Located in cell membrane |
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Steroids- know examples |
4 carbon rings that are stuck together Cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen |
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know what monomers proteins are made of and what type of bond holds them together |
amino acids. peptide bond |
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three structural components of an amino acid. |
Amino group (-NH2) Acidic group (-COOH) R group varies |
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functions proteins can have in a cell |
enzyme- helps speed up chemical reaction |
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know the 4 levels of organization of proteins |
Primary- a linear sequence (line)Secondary- Alpha helix (spiral), beta sheets (sticky note)Tertiary- Quaternary- |
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denatured |
broken down |
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know how a protein can be denatured |
When exposed to extreme heat or pH |
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know the function of an enzyme |
Speed up chemical reactions |
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Know what the monomers of nucleic acids are |
nucleotide |
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know the two types of nucleic acid. |
deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid |
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know the structure of a nucleotide (3 components). |
Phosphate, pentose sugar ribose- RNA/deoxyribose-DNA, nitrogen- containing base |
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know how DNA and RNA differ. |
RNA is single stranded, DNA double helix in 2 strands |
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know the complementary base pairs. |
know the complementary base pairs. |