Py Chapter 3

Front 1

Deferred imitation

Back 1

The developmental science term for referring to skills involved in managing and decoding our own and other people's emotions and getting along with other human beings

Front 2

The capacity to engage in deferred imitation reflects a child's ______ capacities

Back 2

Memory

Front 3

Piaget habits or repetitive actions such as thumb sucking, which center around a child's body

Back 3

Primary circular reactions

Front 4

Sensorimotor stage of development children

Back 4

From the ages of 2 - 4 pin down the basics of physical reality through their senses

Front 5

According to research newborn spend more time

Back 5

Looking at their mothers face and the faces of attractive people

Front 6

Preferential looking paradigm

Back 6

Century capabilities of young infants and how they're measured

Front 7

Why toddlers suddenly start to avoid unfamiliar foods

Back 7

It is a protective mechanism to keep them from being poisoned when they start running into the world

Front 8

Cerebral cortex

Back 8

The outer folded mantle of the brain responsible for thinking, reasoning, perceiving, and all conscious responses

Front 9

Axon

Back 9

Long nerve fiber that usually conducts impulses away from the cell body of a neutron

Front 10

Dendrite

Back 10

A branching fiber that receives information and conducts impulses towards the cell body of the neuron

Front 11

Synapses

Back 11

The gap between the dendrites of one neuron and the axon of another over which impulses flow

Front 12

Synaptogenesis

Back 12

Forming of connections between neurons at the synapse this. This process responsible for all perceptions actions and thoughts is most intense during infancy and childhood but continues throughout life

Front 13

Myelination

Back 13

Formation of a fatty layer encasing axons of neurons this process which speeds the transmission of neural impulses continues from birth to early adulthood

Front 14

Plastic

Back 14

Malleable or capable of being changed used to refer to neural or cognitive development

Front 15

Sucking reflex

Back 15

The automatic spontaneous sucking movements newborns produce especially when anything touches their lips

Front 16

Rooting reflex

Back 16

Newborns automatic response to touch on the cheek involving turning towards that location and beginning to suck

Front 17

Reflex

Back 17

A response or action that is automatic in program by a non cortical brain centers

Front 18

Undernutrition

Back 18

A chronic lack of adequate food

Front 19

Stunting

Back 19

Excessively short stature in a child caused by a chronic lack of adequate nutrition

Front 20

Micronutrient deficiency

Back 20

Chronically inadequate level of specific nutrient important to development and disease prevention such as vitamin A, zinc, or iron

Front 21

Swaddling

Back 21

Wrapping a baby tightly in a blanket or garment this technique is calming during early infancy

Front 22

Kangaroo care

Back 22

Carrying a young baby in a sling close to the caregivers body this technique is used for soothing an infant

Front 23

Self soothing

Back 23

Children's ability usually beginning at 6 months of age to put themselves back to sleep when they wake up during the night

Front 24

Co-sleeping

Back 24

The standard custom in collectivist cultures of having a child and parent share a bed

Front 25

What allows a baby's brain to be especially plastic

Back 25

excessive synaptogenesis which allows for the surplus to be used in other regions.

Front 26

The language acquisition device

Back 26

A term Chomsky coined for the hypothetical brain structure that allows only our species to learn language

Front 27

Preferential looking paradigm

Back 27

He research technique to explore early instant sensory capacities and cognition drawing on the principle that we are attracted to novelty and prefer to look at new things

Front 28

Habituation

Back 28

The predictable loss of interest that develops wants to stimulus becomes familiar used to explore infant sensory capacities and thinking

Front 29

Face perception

Back 29

Research using preferential looking and habitation to explore what very young babies know about faces

Front 30

Depth perception

Back 30

The ability to see and fear heights

Front 31

Visual cliff

Back 31

A table that appears to end in a drop off at a midpoint used to test in fact depth perception

Front 32

Circular reactions

Back 32

Repetitive action oriented schas or habits characteristic of babies during the sensorymotor stage

Front 33

Primary circular reactions

Back 33

The first infant habits during the sensorimotor stage centered on the body

Front 34

Scondary circular reactions

Back 34

Habits of the sensorimotor stage lasting from 4 months of age to the baby's first birthday. Centered on exploring the external world

Front 35

Tertiary circular reactions

Back 35

"Little scientist" activities of the sensorimotor stage beginning around the age of 1 involving flexibility exploring the properties of objects

Front 36

Means end behavior

Back 36

Performing a different action to get to a goal emerges near the age of 1

Front 37

Object permanence

Back 37

The understanding that objects still exist outside of view

Front 38

A not b error

Back 38

The mistake where babies look in an old hiding spot though they saw it be hidden else where

Front 39

Information processing approach

Back 39

A perspective on understanding cognition that divides thinking into specific steps and component processes much like a computer

Front 40

Grammar

Back 40

The rule and word arrangement systems that every human language employs to communicate

Front 41

Social interactionist view

Back 41

An approach to language development that emphasizes it's social function specifically that babies and adults have a mutual passion to communicate

Front 42

Babbling

Back 42

The alternating vowel and consonant sounds that babies repeat with variations of intonation and pitch and that precede the first words

Front 43

Holophrase

Back 43

First clear evidence of language when babies use a single word to communicate a sentence or complete thought

Front 44

Telegraphic speech

Back 44

The first stage of combining words in infancy in which a baby pares down a sentence to its essential words

Front 45

Infant directed speech

Back 45

Simplified exaggerated high pitched tones adults use to help teach infants speech