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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain why Americans became interested in overseas expansion in the late 19th century |
1. Concerns about diminishing opportunities at home 2. Concern that the US was producing more goods then it could consume at home (needed foreign markets) 3. Expansion was seen as a major of greatness 4. The idea that the primitive people of the world (inferior people of the world) need what the US can provide (advances in commerce, needed democratic institutions...) 5. The idea that expansion was necessary in order to avoid being overcome by other nations (today: national security concerns) |
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Discuss the tenets of Social Darwinism espoused by Josiah Strong |
1. Expanding trade and dominion (control) is good for "inferior races" cause it leads to a spread of Christianity and the cultural groups that are dominated having more material goods2. Anglo Saxons are Gods favorite race |
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Describe the basic goals of late 19th century American foreign policy |
Europe: o 1. Promote tradeo 2. Avoid diplomatic entanglements America:o 1. Monroe Doctrineo 2. Extensive tradeo 3. Pan-American unity in dealing against the old world Pacific:o 1. Acquire sea lanes to Chinao 2. Acquire influence in Hawaii and other islands |
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List the foreign policy goals of William H Seward |
1. Increase American territory and influence 2. Gain possession of more of the Americas (Hawaii and other islands) 3. Acquire stepping stones to Asia |
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Explain US foreign policy towards Latin America from 1869 to 1896 |
1. A no transfer policy 2. Independence for Cuba 3. Closer commercial relations 4. A focus on Pan-Americanism 5. Peaceful arbitration of disputes 6. There was always a determination to exert American power |
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Discuss the US relationship with Hawaii in the 19th century |
1. Its strategic location 2. Concern that the Japanese might seize Hawaii3. Feelings among Americans that the nation had a responsibility to bring Christianity to the islands and civilize the islands |
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List the participants in the dispute over Pago Pago in 1889 |
•US•Great Britain•Germany |
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Describe Alfred Thayer Mahan's arguments for a new navy |
1. Industrialism produces surpluses for which markets are needed, markets involve distant ports which require a marine transport fleet, fleet of transport ships, to protect the fleet of ships, and need a navy 2. The US must expand its navy if its going to compete in the race for power |
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List the causes of the Spanish-American War |
1. The US demanded an armistice in the Cuban revolution, the end of the reconstruction policy, and a move to Cuban independence 2. Dramatic growth in sympathy for the Cuban insurgents in the US 3. The sinking of the USS Maine 4. Americans discover a letter from the Spanish ambassador where he is very critical of the president and gave the impression that the Spanish were not negotiating in good faith (faking it) |
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Describe the types of US troops used in the Spanish-American War |
1. Some regular army troops 2. Very large numbers of volunteers 3. ¼ were African Americans (mostly volunteers) |
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List the major campaigns and ranking officers involved in the Spanish-American War |
1. The Manila Bay campaign (in the Philippines): trap the Spanish fleet in the Philippines so they cant head towards Cuba, the US orders Dewey to take the fleet and block the Spanish 2. The Cuban campaign, Teddy Roosevelt |
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Describe the new American empire after the Spanish-American War |
Puerto Rico Alaska Hawaii (in the process) Parts of Samoa, Guam Chain of Pacific IslandsPhilippines |
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Explain the reasons for opposition in the US to overseas empire |
Arguments for:o 1. The US cant politically afford to oppose this treatyo 2. Pressure to convert peoples to Christianityo 3. Philippines will give us better access to Chinao 4. The Filipinos can't rule themselves Reason for opposition: 1. Acquiring the empire would violate the American principles of independence and self determinationo 2. Will all starve to death, fear of cheap labor, bad for American labor because the Filipinos will work for very littleo 3. Can't assimilate other races into their societyo 4. Practicing tyranny abroad will lead to tyranny at homeo 5. Colonies require big governments which therefore result in huge debts and huge expenditureso 6. Colonies aren't necessary for tradeo 7. America has other problems that need attentiono 8. Acquiring this empire would divert attention to industrialism, glorify physical force, lead to war with the Filipinos |
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Discuss John Hay's "Open Door" policy in China |
1. Nations with spheres of influence in China will respect the privilege and rights of other nations that want to trade in China 2. Nations will not discriminate with regard to port dues or railroad rates 3. The Chinese will be allowed to continue to collect tariffs 4. Chinese independence shall be preserved |
