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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
5 Types of Blood Vessels
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1. Arteries
2. Arterioles 3. Capillaries 4. Venules 5. Veins |
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Function of Arteries
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Carries blood away from the heart to the organs
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Smaller arteries from division of larger ones
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Arterioles
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Tiny Arterioles that have entered the tissue
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Capillaries
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The are reunited capillaries that receive unoxygenated blood
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Venules
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Merged venules that carry blood from tissues back to the heart
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Veins
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3 Layers of a Blood Vessel
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1. Tunica Interns
2. Tunica Media 3. Tunica Externa |
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Layer closest to the Lumen that has direct contact with blood
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Tunica Interna
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What tissue makes up the Tunica Interna?
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Endothelium & Elastic Fibers
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This Layer is known as the muscle of the artery. Its primary smooth muscle layer causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the artery.
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Tunica Media
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This is the protective layer of the artery
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Tunica Externa
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What tissue makes up the Tunica Media?
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Smooth Muscle Cells & Elastic Fibers
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What tissue makes up the Tunica Externa?
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Elastic Fibers & Callogen Fibers
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When an artery or arteriole is damaged it contracts to help limit blood loss
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Vascular Spasm
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2 Functional Properties of Arteries
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1. Elastic
2. Muscular |
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These are the largest arteries and they are known as conducting arteries
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Elastic Arteries
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These function as blood reservoirs
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Elastic Arteries
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This is known for the way blood is pulsed through the body. Does so by the stored (potential) energy being converted into Kinetic energy so that blood can move through arteries even if the ventricles are relaxed
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Pressure Reservoir
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These arteries have more smooth muscle and they distribute blood to the various parts of the body
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Muscular Arteries
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These abundant microscopic vessels regulate flow of blood into capillaries
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Arterioles
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These are also microscopic and they connect arterioles to venules. Attached to every cell in the body. Their walls are only one cell thick
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Capillaries
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What are Capillaries also known as? Why?
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Exchange Vessels because they function in the exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid
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What are the walls of capillaries composed of?
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Endothelium and a Basement Membrane
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Continuous tubes found in the brain, lungs, skeletal and smooth muscles, and connective tissues. Primarily feeds parts of the body that deals with movement.
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Continuous Capillaries
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These have small pores and are found in the kidneys, small intestines, choroid plexuses, ventricles of the brain, ciliary process of the eye and endocrine glands
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Fenestrated Capillaries
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These are wide and winding capillaries found in the liver, spleen, anterior pituitary, and the parathyroids
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Sinusoid Capillaries
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3 Types of Capillaries
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1. Continuous Capillaries
2. Fenestrated Capillaries 3. Sinusoids |
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Main difference between veins and arteries
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Valves
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The union of two or more arteries that supply the same body region
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Anastomoses
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An alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis
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Collateral Circulation
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Arteries that don't form an anastomosis
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End Arteries
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Largest portion of blood is where? and what is this known as?
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Systemic Veins and Venules
A.K.A. Blood Reservoir |
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3 Types Ways of Capillary Exchange
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1. Diffusion
2. Transytosis 3. Bulk Flow |
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Most important method a substance/substances enter and leave capillaries
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Diffusion
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2 Things that Regulate movement of water and solutes
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Blood Hydrostatic Pressure
Blood Osmotic Pressure |
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2 Things blood flow depends on
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Blood Pressure
Systemic Vascular Resistance |
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Blood flows from regions of _____________ ___________ to regions of ______________ ______________
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Higher Pressure & Lower Pressure
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4 Factors that affect blood pressure and blood flow
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1. Cardiac Output
2. Blood Viscosity 3. Resistance 4. Elasticity of the artery |
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Higher the _____________ the higher the _____________
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Viscosity, Resistance
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5 Things that increase Blood Pressure
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1. Increased Blood Volume
2. Increased Heart Rate 3. Increased Stroke Volume 4. Increased Sympathetic Stimulation 5. Systemic Vascular Resistance |
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This is located in the Medulla Oblongata and controls blood pressure and blood flow. Does so by regulating heart rate, contractility, and blood vessel diameter
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Cardiovascular Center
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3 Receptors that provide input to the Cardiovascular Center
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Proprioceptors
Chemoreceptors Baroreceptors |
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4 Hormones that affect Blood Pressure and Blood Flow
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Renin - Angiotensin - Aldosterone = (RAA) System
Epinephrine & Norepinehrine Antidiuretic Hormone Atrial Natiuretic Peptide |
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The alternate expansion and recoil of elastic arteries.
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Pulse
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What is the most common artery used to check for a pulse?
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Radial Artery
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A rapid resting heart or pulse rate over 100 beats/min
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Tachycardia
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A slow resting heart or pulse rate under 50 beats/ min.
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Bradycardia
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The force of blood recorded during ventricular contraction
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Systolic Blood Pressure
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The force exerted by the blood remaining in arteries during ventricular relaxation
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Diastolic Blood Pressure
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This is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
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Pulse Pressure
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Conditions that affect pulse pressure by greatly increasing it
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Atherosclerosis
Patent Ductus Arteriosis |
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4 Types of Shock
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1. Hypovolemic Shock
2. Cardiogenic Shock 3. Vascular Shock 4. Obstructive Shock |
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This is due to rapid sudden hemorrhage, or severe loss of body fluids
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Hypovolemic Shock
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This is caused when the heart fails to pump adequately. Most often seen in Myocardial Infarctions
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Cardiogenic Shock
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Due to blockage of blood flow
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Obstructive Shock
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Most common cause is pulmonary embolism
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Occurs due to a decrease in vascular resistance
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Vascular Shock
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common types are:
Anaphylactic Shock Neurogenic Shock |
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4 Homeostatic Responses to Hypovolemic Shock
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1. Activation of RAA System
2. Secretion of ADH 3. Activation of sympathetic division of ANS 4. Release of Local Vasodilators |
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Signs And Symptoms of Shock
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* Cool, Clammy, Pale skin
* Weak rapid pulse * Tachycardia * Sweating * Hypertension * Decreased urinary output * Thirst * Acidosis * Altered mental state |
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4 Circulatory Routes
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1. Systemic Circulation
2. Pulmonary Circulation 3. Hepatic Portal Circulation 4. Fetal Circulation |
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Refers to all arteriole flow to the body
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Systemic Circulation
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Refers to all arteriole flow to the lungs
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Pulmonary Circulation
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Refers to arterial flow around the liver to detoxify
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Hepatic Portal Circulation
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Allows for the exchange of material between a developing fetus and its mother
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Fetal Circulation
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2 Areas blood flows before going back to the heart
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1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
2. Coronary Sinus |
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5 Changes that occur after birth
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1. Umbilical Arteries -> Medial umbilical ligaments
2. Umbilical Veins -> Ligamentum teres 3. Dustus Venosus -> Ligamentum Venosum 4. Foramen Ovale closes -> Fossa ovalis 5. Ductus arteriosis closes -> Ligamentum arteriosum |
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