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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anabolism
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Process of building up complex materials (protein) from simple materials.
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Catabolism
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process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simple substances and release energy.
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Cell membrane
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Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.
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Chromosomes
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Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA call genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.
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Cytoplasm
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All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.
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DNA
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Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Ribosomes are found on this.
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Genes
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Regions of DNA within each chromosome.
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Karyotype
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Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.
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Metabolism
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The total of the chemical process in a cell. It includes both catabolism and anabolism.
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Mitochondria
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Structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy.
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Nucleus
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Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.
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Digestive System
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mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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Urinary or Excretory System
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kidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidney to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body)
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Respiratory System
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nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs
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Female Reproductive System
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ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands
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Male Reproductive System
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testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
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Endocrine System
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thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands
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Circulatory System
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heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland
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Musculoskeletal System
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muscles, bones and joints
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Skin and Sense Organs
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skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands, eye, ear, nose, and tongue
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Adipose Tissue
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Collection of fat cells
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Cartilage
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Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints
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Epithelial Cell
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Skin cell that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs
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Histologist
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Specialist in the study of tissues.
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Larynx
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Voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea
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Pharynx
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Throat. This is the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea)
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Pituitary Gland
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Endocrine gland at the base of the brain
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Thryoid Gland
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Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
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Ureter
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One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder
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Urethra
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Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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Uterus
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The womb. The organ that holds the embryo and fetus as it develops
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Viscera
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Internal organs; singluar: viscus
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Cranial Cavity
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Brain, pituitary gland
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Thoracic Cavity
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Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta (large artery)
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Pleura Cavity
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Space surrounding each lung. A double-folded membrane, or pleura, lines the cavity. If it becomes inflamed, the cavity can be filled with fluid
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Mediastinum
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Part of Thoracic cavity; centrally located area outside of and between the lungs. It contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes
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Abdominal Cavity
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Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver and gallbladder
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Pelvic Cavity
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Portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in a female
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Spinal Cavity
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Nerves of the spinal cord
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Diaphragm
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Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
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Dorsal (posterior)
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Pertaining to the back
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Peritoneum
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Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen
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Ventral (anterior)
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Pertaining to the front
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Cranial
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Pertaining to the skull
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Pelvic
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Pertaining to the hip bone
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Diaphragm
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Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
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Dorsal (posterior)
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Pertaining to the back
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Peritoneum
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Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen
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Ventral (anterior)
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Pertaining to the front
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Cranial
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Pertaining to the skull
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Pelvic
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Pertaining to the hip bone
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Anterior (ventral)
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Front side of the body
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Deep
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Away from the surface
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Distal
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Far from the point of attachment to the truck or far from the beginning of a structure
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Frontal (coronal) plane
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Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
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Inferior (caudal)
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Below another structure
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Lateral
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Pertaining to the side
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Medial
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Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body
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Posterior (dorsal)
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Back side of the body
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Prone
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Lying on the belly (face down, palm down)
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Proximal
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Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
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Sagittal (lateral) plane
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Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides
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Midsagittal plane
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Divides the body into right and left halves
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Superficial
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On the surface
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Superior (cephalic)
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Above another structure
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Supine
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Lying on the back (face up, palm up)
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Transverse (cross-sectional or axial) plane
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Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
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