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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
raw data
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data in original form
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frequency distribution
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organization of raw data into a table with classes and frequencies
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categorical frequency distribution
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used for data that can be categorized such as nominal and ordinal level data
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lower class limit
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the smallest data that can be included in a class
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upper class limit
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the largest data value that can be included in a classs
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class boundaries
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numbers used to separate classes so there are no gaps
lower boundary=lower limit-.5 upper boundary=upper limit+.5 |
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A frequency distribution should have between________ and _________ classes.
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between 5 and 20
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In a frequency distribution the class width should be... .
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an odd number.
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Classes in a frequency distribution should be __________.
overlapping mutually exclusive |
mutually exclusive
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When can you omit a class that has a frequency of zero?
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only when it is the 1st or last class
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Classes in frequency distributions must have equal _________.
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widths
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How do you obtain the class midpoint?
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(lower boundary + upper boundary)
divided by 2 |
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How do you determine class width?
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divide the range by the # of classes then round up if there is a decimal remainder
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histogram
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a graph that displays data with contiguous bars of different heights to display data
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x axis represents ___________,
y axis represents ___________ in a histogram. |
x axis represents class boundaries
y axes represents the frequency |
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frequency polygon
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a graph that displays data with lines that connect to points plotted for frequencies at the midpoints of the classes
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X axes represents ___________,
Y axes represents ___________ on a frequency polygon. |
x axes represents the midpoint for each class
y axes represents the frequencies |
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The choice between using the frequency polygon or the histogram to display data should be made by......
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the discretion of the researcher.
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ogive
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a graph that represents cumulative frequencies for the classes in a frequency distribution
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x axes represents __________,
y axes represents ____________ in an ogive. |
x axes represents the class boundaries
y axes represents the cumulative frequencies |
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relative frequency graph
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graphs using proportions rather than raw data
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How do you convert a frequency into a proportion or relative frequency?
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divide the frequency of each class by the total of the frequencies
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bell shaped distribution
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uniform with one peak at the middle
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uniform distribution
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rectangular shaped
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right skewed distribution
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(tail to right)
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left skewed distribution
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(tail to left)
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bimodal distribution
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two "peaks"
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U-shaped distribution
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U (self explanatory)
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pareto chart
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used to represent non-numerical categorical variable
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x axes represents ___________,
y axes represents ___________ on a pareto chart. |
x axes represents categories
y axes represents frequencies |
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For a pie graph, how do you convert a frequency to a percentage?
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f = frequency
n = sum of frequencies (f/n)*100% |