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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Arteries |
Carry blood away from the ❤️ |
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Veins |
Carry blood toward the ❤️ |
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_________ the site of gas exchange & nutrients passing into the tissue space for cellular needs. |
Capillaries |
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Tunic Layers |
Interna/Intima Layer Media Layer External Layer |
I M E |
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Interna/Intima Layer |
The innermost Layer lining the lumen with squamous shape endothelial cells |
“Internal” |
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Media Layer |
Comprised of elastic fibers and smooth muscle which is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system for control of vasoconstriction and vasodilation |
“Middle” |
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Externa Layer |
Collagen Fibers that protect and reinforce vessels |
“External” |
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Lumen |
Central blood-containing space surrounded by the tunics |
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Both arteries and veins contain ____________________ however they may differ in the amount or quantity of specific layer of tissue(s) such as the tunica media or smooth muscle |
All 3 tunic layers |
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Capillaries?? |
Smallest blood vessels |
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________ walls consist of single cell thickness of endothelial cells. Only allow a single RBC to pass at a time |
Capillaries |
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3 types of capillaries |
Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoids |
C F S |
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Continuous |
Found in skin and muscles Uninterrupted lining of tight junctions Intercellular cleft spaces allow for the passage of fluids and solubilized products within the fluids |
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Fenestrated |
Found in small intestines, endocrine glands, kidneys. Endothelial lining consist of pores for greater permeability |
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Sinusoids |
Found in liver, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue. Very leaky endothelium to allow for passage of large molecules such as proteins and blood cells. |
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Vascular Shunt |
Channel Connecting an arteriole directly w/ a venule (vein) through the capillary bed |
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Pre-capillary Sphincter |
Band of smooth muscle surrounding a true capillary Under stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system contracts the smooth muscle band to shunt blood from non-vital areas to areas where oxygenated blood is in more demand |
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Veins have large capacitance vessels w/ __________ walls than arteries, designed to return blood to the ❤️ |
THINNER |
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Veins contain “________” to prevent the back flow of blood |
Valves |
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Blood pressure |
Force exerted on the wall of blood vessels
Provides the driving force to keep blood moving |
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Varicose veins |
Dilated and painful veins due to incompetent (leaky) valves |
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Venous BP alone is too low to promote adequate blood return and is aided by? |
Respiratory “pump” Muscular “pump” Sympathetic venoconstriction |
R M SVC |
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Respiratory “pump” |
Pressure changes created during breathing |
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Muscular “pump” |
Contraction of skeletal muscles “milk” blood towards the ❤️ |
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Muscular “pump” |
Contraction of skeletal muscles “milk” blood towards the ❤️ |
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Sympathetic Venoconstriction |
Under sympathetic control, smooth muscles constrict, pushing blood back toward the ❤️ |
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Resistance |
Opposition to blood flow |
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Sources of resistance are ...? |
Blood Viscosity Total blood vessel length Blood vessel diameter |
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Viscosity & blood vessels length remain relatively __________ however changes in vessels diameter frequently alter peripheral resistance |
Constant |
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Larger Diameter = ? = ? |
Lower resistance Decreased BP |
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Smaller diameter = ? = ? |
Greater resistance Increased BP |
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Systemic BP |
Pressure exerted on arterial walls during ventricular contraction. Highest pressure is in the aorta and zero pressure in the right atrium |
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Diastolic BP |
Pressure exerted on arterial walls during ventricular relaxation |
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Capillary pressure ranges from _____ -> ______ mm Hg |
20-40 mmHg Enough pressure to drive nutrients and gases into the tissue space but not high enough to rupture the thin endothelial walls |
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Lacerated “veins” have a smooth blood flow while lacerated arterial blood flows in spurts. This is due to? |
Varying degrees of pressure in each conduit |
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Maintaining blood pressure |
Cardiac output Peripheral resistance Blood volume |
CO PH BV |
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Short term control of BP |
Mediated through the sympathetic nervous system by altering vessel diameter there for resistance |
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Vasoconstriction = ? = ? |
Increased Resistance Higher BP |
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Vasodilation = ? = ? |
Decreased resistance Lower BP |
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“Short term control” originates out of the? |
“vasomotor center “ |
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Vasometer center |
Sympathetic neurons in the medulla of the brain stem which regulates blood vessel diameter |
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Cardiovascular center |
Also located in the medulla or brain stem Controls BP by altering CO and blood vessel diameter, consists of the “ Cardioacceleratory Center” and the “Cardiohibitory Center” to speed up and slow down heart rate respectively |
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Long term control of BP |
Altering blood volume (“direct renal mechanism”) or regulated through releases of hormones from the kidneys which is the “indirect renal mechanism” Indirect process is thru the release of hormones Renin -> Angiotensin 2 -> aldosterone -> ADH |
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Angiotensin 2 |
Vasoconstrictor (^ resistance to blood flow and BP) |
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Aldosterone |
Regulates electrolytes and will preserve more sodium (& potassium) in the body therefor keep more water in the body as well, ^ BP |
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Aldosterone stimulates ADH |
Which decreases urine excretion and builds up fluid volume |
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Hypotension |
Low BP w/ systolic pressure below 100 mmHg |
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Orthostatic hypotension |
Temporary low BP related to posture or suddenly rising from a seated or lying position |
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Hypertension |
Sustained elevated BP “Silent killer” |
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Chronic elevated BP is major cause of ... |
Heart disease Renal failure Vascular disease stroke |
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Primary Hypertension |
Elevated BP NOT associated w/ an identifiable particular cause |
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Risk factors for primary hypertension |
Obesity Age Race Hereditary Stress factors Smoking |
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Secondary hypertension |
Hypertension due to an identifiable disorder such as excessive renin excretion, arteriosclerosis & endocrine disorders |
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Circulatory shock |
Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally Hypovolemic Vascular Cardiogenic |
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Hypovolemic shock |
Large scale blood loss |
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Vascular shock |
Poor circulation resulting from extreme vasodilation |
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Cardiogenic shock |
Heart cannot sustain adequate circulation |
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