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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sclera |
tough white outer coat of the eyeball |
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conjunctiva |
membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball |
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cornea |
transparent anterior part of the eye |
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choroid |
the middle, vascular coat of the eye, between the sclera and the retina |
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iris |
pigmented membrane behind the cornea, perforated by the pupil |
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pupil |
opening in the center through which light enters the eye |
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lens |
transparent body separating the posterior chamber and constituting the refracting mechanism of the eye |
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ciliary muscle |
eye muscle capable of changing lens shape during contraction and relaxation |
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aqueous humor |
watery liquid in chamber in front of the lens; it circulates through the anterior chamber of the eye |
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vitreous humor |
jellylike transparent substance in the posterior chamber |
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retina |
innermost layer of the eyeball, containing elements for reception and transmission of visual stimuli |
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amblyopia (am'-ble-o-pe-ah) |
dimness of vision without a detectable organic lesion of the eye; related to absence, weakness, or paralysis of an eye muscle |
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astigmatism |
condition characterized by irregular cornea and lens of the eye; corrected with lenses |
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blepharitis (blef'-ah-ri-tis) |
drooping of upper eyelid |
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cataract |
opaque lens of eye |
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chalazion (kah-la-ze-on) |
a small eyelid mass resulting from chronic inflammation of a meibomian gland |
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color blindness |
popular term for any deviation from normal perception of color |
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conjunctivitis |
inflammation of the conjunctiva |
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corneal ulcer |
a local inflammation of the cornea caused by injury or inflammation |
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dacryoadenitis (dak'-re-o-ad'-e-ni-tis) |
inflammation of a lacrimal gland
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dacryocystitis (dak-re-o-sis-ti-tis) |
inflammation of the lacrimal sac |
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dacryolith |
a lacrimal calculus |
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detached retina |
separation of the inner layers of the retina from the pigment epithelium |
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diabetic retinopathy |
scarring of the capillaries of the retina as a consequence of diabetes mellitus of long duration |
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floaters (in vitreous) |
"spots before the eyes"; these deposits in the vitreous of the eye usually move about and are probably a benign degenerative change. Also seen in hypertension |
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foreign body in the eye |
any object not belonging to the eye; hazards depending on circumstances |
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glaucoma |
eye disease characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure related to alterations in circulation of vitreous humor, causing pathologic changes and visual defect |
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hemorrhage (subconjunctival) |
blood escaping from the vessels, and bleeding from beneath the conjunctiva
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herpes zoster (ophthalmic) |
involving the fifth cranial nerve (forehead, eyelid, and cornea), this infection by a herpes virus can be serious |
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hyperopia |
farsightedness, e.g., the person cannot read a book |
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iritis |
inflammation of the iris
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keratoconus (ker-ah-to-ko-nus) |
conical protrusion of the central part of the cornea |
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macular degeneration
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deterioration of the macula of the eye, resulting in a severe loss of central vision in the affected eye |
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meibomian cyst |
a small localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction and retained secretions |
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nystagmus (nis-tag-mus) |
involuntary rapid movement (horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed, i.e., of two types) of the eyeball |
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papilledema |
edema of the optic disk |
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presbyopia |
diminution of accommodation of the lens of the eye caused by loss of elasticity, normally occurring with aging; farsightedness |
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ptosis (to-sis) |
drooping of upper eyelid |
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retinitis |
inflammation of the retina |
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retinoblastoma |
a tumor arising from the retinal cells |
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retinopathy |
any disease of the retina |
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strabismus (strah-biz-mus) |
squint; deviation of the eye from normal; crossed eyes; usually correctable |
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stye (or hordeolum) |
inflammation of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid |
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trachoma |
a contagious disease of the conjunctiva and cornea, producing photophobia, pain, and lacrimation; uncommon |
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uveitis |
inflammation of the uvea (iris and blood vessels) |
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cataract extraction |
a surgical excision of the lens of the eye; special lenses or glasses are prescribed |
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cryoextraction |
application of extremely low temperature for the removal of a cataractous lens |
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cryoretinopexy |
fixation of a detached retina using extremely low temperature instead of the laser beam |
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dacryocystotomy (dak'-re-o-sis-tot-o-me) |
incision of the lacrimal sac and duct |
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enucleation |
surgical removal of the eye |
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fundoscopy |
examination and study of the fundus of the eye by means of an ophthalmoscope |
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gonioscopy |
instrument for demonstrating ocular motility and rotation |
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iridectomy |
excision of part of the iris |
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iridencleisis (ir'-i-den-kli-sis) |
excision of part of the iris in glaucoma |
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keratoplasty
|
plastic surgery of the cornea; corneal grafting |
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laser photocoagulation |
using the laser beam to treat retinal detachment |
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pterygium surgery |
growth of the conjunctiva: neovascularization that invades the cornea; it can be removed surgically |
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slit lamp |
and instrument used in ophthalmology for examining the conjunctiva, lens, vitreous humor, iris, and cornea; a high-intensity beam of light is projected through a narrow slit and a cross-section of the illuminated part of the eye is examined through a magnifying lens |
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tonometer |
instrument for measuring tension or pressure, especially intraocular pressure |
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tonometry |
measurement of tension or pressure, e.g., intraocular pressure |
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trabeculectomy |
excision of fibrous bands or connective tissue |
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vitrectomy |
aspiration of vitreous fluid and replacement with saline solution |
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accommodation |
adjustment of the eye for seeing objects at various distances |
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anisocoria (an'-i-so-ko-re-ah) |
inequality in size of the pupils of the eyes
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canal of Schlemm |
opening through which aqueous humor must flow out or pressure in the eye increases, resulting in glaucoma |
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canthus (pl. canthi) |
the angle at either end of the fissure between the eyelids |
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CC |
with correction (glasses or lenses) |
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cryoprobe |
an instrument for applying extreme cold to tissue |
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cystitome |
and instrument for opening the lens capsule |
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diopter |
unit of measure for lenses |
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electronystagmography |
recording of eye movements to provide objective documentation of induced and spontaneous nystagmus |
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emmetropia |
normal vision |
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fundus |
back portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the pupil by use of the ophthalmoscope |
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fundoscope or ophthalmoscope |
an instrument containing a perforated mirror and lense used to examine the interior of the eye |
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lacrimation |
secretion and discharge of tears |
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laser |
a device that transfers light of various frequencies into an extremely intense, small beam of radiation; it is used as a tool in surgery, diagnosis, and physiologic studies |
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lensometer |
device for obtaining eyeglass prescriptions |
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miotic or myotic |
a drug that causes contraction of the pupil |
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mydriatic |
a drug that dilates the pupil |
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OD or oculus dexter |
abbreviation and term for "right eye" |
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OS or oculus sinister |
abbreviation and term for "left eye" |
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OU or oculus uterque/oculus unitas |
abbreviation and term for each eye/both eyes, respectively |
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peripheral vision |
vision at the outer edges when the eyes are looking straight ahead |
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acronym for pupils equal, round, react to light, accommodation |
PERRLA |
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SC |
without correction (glasses or lenses) |
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Snellen eye chart |
one of several charts used in testing visual acuity; letters, numbers, or symbols are arranged on the charge in decreasing size from top to bottom |
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visual acuity (VA) |
clarity or clearness of vision
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external ear |
auricle (or pinna) or ear canal
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middle ear
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separated from external ear by the tympanic membrane; consists of three bones: malleus, incus, and stapes
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inner ear |
the complex inner structure of the ear: vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea, composing the membranous labyrinth |
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tympanic membrane |
the thin partition between the external acoustic meatus and the middle ear |
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tympanum |
eardrum (middle ear) |
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cerumen |
ear wax |
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Eustachian tube (u-stay-shen) |
a tube, lined with mucous membrane, that joins the nasopharynx and the tympanic cavity; accomplishes equalization of air pressure
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acoustic neuroma
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a benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain that causes tinnitus, vertigo, and decreased hearing; small tumors may be surgically resected or removed by radiation therapy |
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cholesteatoma (koh-les-tee'-ah-toh-mah)
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a collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear; these cyst-like masses are most often the result of chronic otitis media but may also be a congenital defect; can lead to conductive hearing loss, occlusion of the middle ear, destruction of ossicles, and inner ear erosion; symptoms include weakness of facial muscles, drainage from the affected ear, vertigo, and earache
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conduction deafness |
hearing loss that occurs when the conduction of sound waves through the external and middle ear to the inner ear is impaired |
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deafness |
lacking the sense of hearing; hearing impairment |
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Eustachian salpingitis |
inflammation of the tube joining the nasopharynx with the tympanic cavity |
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furunculosis (fu-rung'-ku-lo-sis)
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a skin infection affecting the ear canal |
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impacted cerumen
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earwax impacted firmly into ear |
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labyrinthitis |
inflammation of the inner ear; otitis interna |
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mastoiditis |
inflammation of the mastoid antrum and cells (of the temporal bone) |
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Meniere's disease |
deafness, tinnitus, and dizziness; causes unknown |
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myringitis |
inflammation of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
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otitis externa |
inflammation of the external ear |
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otitis media |
inflammation of the middle ear |
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otosclerosis |
ankylosis of the stapes, resulting in conductive hearing loss |
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presbycusis |
progressive hearing loss in some elderly persons
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sensorineural deafness |
type of hearing loss resulting from physical damage to the hair cells, the vestibulocochlear nerve, or the auditory cortex; this condition may occur because of aging. Explosions, extremely loud noises (machinery or loud music), and some antibiotics can damage the hair cells in the organ of Corti, creating partial to complete deafness; other causes include brain tumors, strokes, infections, trauma, vascular disorder, and degenerative diseases |
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fenestration |
the surgical creation of a new opening in the labyrinth of the ear for restoration of hearing in otosclerosis |
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mastoidectomy |
excision of the mastoid cells or the mastoid process |
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myringotomy |
incision of the tympanic membrane; tympanotomy with placement of tubes to maintain drainage |
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otoplasty |
plastic surgery of the ear (pinna)
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stapedectomy |
excision of the stapes
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tympanoplasty |
plastic surgery on the eardrum |
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tympanotomy |
myringotomy; incision of the tympanic membrane |
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acoustic meatus |
opening or passage in the ear |
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audiometer |
device for testing the hearing |
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auditory (or acoustic) |
pertaining to the ear; sense of hearing |
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decibel |
a unit of measure in the intensity of sound
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otoscope |
an instrument used for inspecting the ear
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tinnitus |
a noise (ringing) in the ears |
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vertigo
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a sensation of rotation or dizziness |