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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What nucleotides compose DNA?
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5 carbon sugar
Nirogenous base phospate group |
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What rule says that A must always pair with T and G must pair with C?
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Chargoff's rule
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How many Hydrogen bonds are there between A and T?
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2
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How many Hydrogen bonds are there between C and G?
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3
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Prior to 1950 what was believed to hold genetic codes?
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Protein
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Who studied bacteriophage T2 and proved genetic material was DNA?
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Hershey and Chase
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In what year did Hershey and Chase conduct their experiments?
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1952
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Who found the double helix 3D shape of DNA?
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Watson and Crick
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When did Watson and Crick win their nobel peace prize?
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1962
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Who did most of the research for Watson and Crick but died, and for that reason did not recieve credit?
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Rosiland Franklin
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Who found DNA to be semi-conservative?
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Messelson and Salht
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Who won a nobel prize for work done in 74' with in vitro fertalization in 2010?
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Robert Edwards
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If you have 60 nucleotides and 20 are T, how many are C?
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10
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In which model of DNA are there 2 old molecule, and 2 new molecule segments?
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conservative
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What compound do A and G correspond with?
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Purine
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What compound do C and T correspond with?
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Pyrimidine
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When does DNA replication take place?
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During Interphase
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What is the origin of replication of bacteria?
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Circular
One origin of replication |
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What is the origin of replication of eukaryotes?
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Along a line
Many origins of replication |
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Which strand is synthesized continually, requiring an rna primer?
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Leading strand
5'......3' |
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Which strand is synthesized in pieces requiring many rna primers?
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Lagging strand
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What are the pieces that are synthesized in the lagging strand called?
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Okazaki fragments
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What are the six enzymes for DNA replication?
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Helicase
Toplosomerase Primase DNA Polymerase 3 DNA Polymerase 1 DNA Ligase |
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In which direction do enzymes for DNA replication want to make DNA?
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5'...........3'
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What is the #1 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?
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Helicase
Unwinds DNA-pulls 2 strands apart by breaking hydrogen bonds between A and T and C and G |
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What is the #2 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?
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Toplosomerase (Gyrase)
Prevents overwinding Makes DNA not spin, stopping adjacent DNA areas from becoming knotted up |
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What is the #3 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?
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Primase
Adds rna primer to lagging strand |
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What is the #4 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?
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Polymerase 3
adds nucleotides in the 5' 3' direction, but to the 3' end puts dna bases down continual synthesis |
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What is the #5 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?
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Polymerase 1
Removes small piece of rna primer and replaces w/ DNA base |
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What is the #6 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?
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Ligase
Links okazaki fragments Only used in lagging strand Covalent bond Phospate and sugar closes molecule to form backbone |
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What type of protein keeps strands apart?
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SSBP
Single stranded binging protein |
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Which group is largely related to the 5 prime end?
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Phosphate group
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Which group is largely related to the 3 prime end?
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Hydroxide group
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T
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Thymine
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C
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Cytosine
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A
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Adenine
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G
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guanine
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What replaces T (rna)
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U- Uracil
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___________ is antiparalell and complimentary
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DNA
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In what direction does the leading strand make DNA?
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5...................3
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In what direction does the lagging strand make DNA in?
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3...........5
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What does DNA polymerase 2 do?
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Proofreading,
Corrects mistakes |
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What is messenger Rna called?
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Codon
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What is transfer Rna called?
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Anticodon
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What serves as adaptor molecule in protein synthesis;
translates mRNA codons into amino acids? |
Transfer RNA
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What plays structural and catlaytic (ribosyme) roles in ribosomes?
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Ribosomal RNA
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What is the composition and direction of the primer?
3'ATGGTS' |
5'UACCA3'
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Because there is no T in RNA, this letter becomes what?
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U
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In which model of DNA are there a mix of both old and new DNA on the same strand?
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Dispersive
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In which model of DNA are there both one old strand, and one new strand?
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Semi-Conservative
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The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA.
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Transcription
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The process that converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide.
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Translation
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In bacteria and viruses, ___________ + ___________ happen simultaneously.
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Transcription and Translation
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What are the steps of transcription?
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Dna is becoming mrna.
1) Rna Polymerase binds to a promoter region (TATA box) 2) Double helix unwinds 3) Rna polymerase begins synthesis by adding nucleotides 4) Termination-synthesis stops, rna released |
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What is the process of turning mrna into protein called?
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Translation
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Coded regions of DNA
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Exons
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Non coded regions of DNA
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Introns
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Removing introns so the exons slide together
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RNA splicing
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What are the steps in translation?
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Mrna........Protein
On a ribosome in cytoplasm 2 ribosome subunits |
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What does the E site in translation do?
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Amino Acids Exit
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What does the P site in translation do?
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The first Amino Acid goes, holds polypeptide chain
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What does the A site in translation do?
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All the amino acids that did not enter the P site enter.
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This is when you hit a stop codon (structure disassembles, and releases protein)
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Termination
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What is the name for the Dna strand from which the rna will be made?
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template strand or coding strand
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This is when there is no effect, and the amino acid still codes.
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Silent mutation
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This is where you start transcription, Rna polymerase will sit on DNA and make messenger Rna
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Tata box
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A=T
C=G |
Complimentary rule
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GRiFFith
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mIcE
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Code for another amino acid other than it originally would, still an effect but not as much as non-sence
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mis-sence
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Premature stop codon
PTC 123 works here |
non-sence mutation
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Single base change to any Dna base but does not result in a stop codon (alteration in amino acid results)
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Point mutation
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This lets the rna out of the nucleus
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Methyl G cap
5' end |
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This protects messenger rna long enough to make protein.
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Poly A Tail
3' end |
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Single stranded, used in ribosome making, 5' ..3'
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Mrna
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This is the core of what ribosomes are made of
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Rrna ribosomal rna
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This reads and identifys codons, and carries amino acids, 3'....5'
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Trna
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