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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
dissociative identity disorder
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someone alternates among 2 or more distinct personalities
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biopsychosexual model
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emphasizes that abnormal behavior has 3 major aspects:biological, psychological, and sociological
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
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sets specific criteria for each psychological diagnosis
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personality disorder
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a maladaptive, inflexible way of dealing with the environment and other people
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Axis I
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clinical disorders
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Axis II
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includes personality disorders and mental retardation
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Axis III
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general medical conditions
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Axis IV
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psychosocial and environmental problems
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Axis V
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global assessment of functioning
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psychotherapy
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a treatment of psychological disorders by methods that include a personal relationship between a trained therapist and a client
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evidence-based treatments
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therapies demonstrated to be helpful
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psychodynamic therapies
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attempt to relate personality to the interplay of conflicting impulses within the individual, including some that the individual may not consciously recognize
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psychoanalysis
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a method based on identifying unconscious thoughts and emotions and bringing them to consciousness to help people understand their thoughts and actions
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catharsis
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a release of pent up emtions associated with unconscious thoughts and memories
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free association
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the client starts thinking about a particular symptom or problem and then reports everything that comes to mind-a word, a phrase, a visual image
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transference
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clients are transferring onto the therapists the behaviors and feelings they originally established toward father, mother, or another important person in their lives
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interpretations
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they explain the underlying meaning
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behavior therapy
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begins with clear, well-defined behavioral goals, such as eliminating test anxiety, and then attempts to achieve those goals through learning
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cognitive therapy
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seeks to improve people's psychological well-being by changing their thoughts and beliefs-their cognitions
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rational-emotive behavior
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assumes that thoughts (rationality) lead to emotions. The problem therefore is not the unpleasant emotions themselves, but the irrational thoughts that lead to them
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cognitive-behavior therapy
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therapists set explicit goals for changing people's behavior, but they place more emphasis than most behavior therapists do on changing people's interpretation of their situation
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incongruence
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(mismatch) between their perceptionsof their real self and their ideal self
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person-centered therapy (non-directive or client-centered therapy)
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the therapist listens to the client with total acceptance and unconditional positive regard
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family systems therapy
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the guiding assumptions are that most people's problems develop in a family setting and that the best way to deal with them is to improve family relationships and communication
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eclectic therapy
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they use a combination of methods and approaches
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brief therapy (time-limited therapy)
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the therapist and client reach an agreement about what they can expect from each other and how long the treatment will last
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Group therapy
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administered to several people at once
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self-help groups
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operates much like group therapy, exept without a therapist
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spontaneous remission
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improvement without therapy
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meta-analysis
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taking the results of many experiments, weighting each one in proportion to the number of participants, and determining the overall average effect
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