Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social Psychology |
The scientific study of how we think about, influence and related to one another. |
|
Attribution Theory |
The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or their person's dispositions. |
|
Fundamental Attribution Error |
The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation an to overestimate the impact of personal dispostition. |
|
Attitude |
Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular way to objects, people, and events. |
|
Peripheral Route Persuasion |
Occurs when people influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness. |
|
Central Route Persuassion |
Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and responds with favorable thoughts. |
|
Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon |
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. |
|
Role |
A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. |
|
Cognitive Dissonance Theory |
The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent, |
|
When people act in a way that in not in keeping with their attitudes, and then change their attitudes to match those actions,________ ________ theory attempts to explain why. |
Cognitive Dissonance |
|
How do our attitudes and our actions affect each other? |
Our attitudes often do influence our actions as we behavior in ways consistent with our beliefs. However, our attitudes also follow our actions; come to believe in what we have done. |
|
Conformity |
Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. |
|
Normative Social Influence |
Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. |
|
Informational Social Influence |
Influence resulting from one;s willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. |
|
Psychology's most famous obedience experiments, in which most participants obeyed an authority figure's demands to inflect presumed life-threatening shocks on an innocent other, were conducted by social psychologist___________ ____________. |
Stanley Milgram |
|
Social Facilitation |
Stronger responses on simple or well-learned task in the presence of others. |
|
Social Loafing |
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining common goal than when individually accountable. |
|
Deindividuation |
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. |
|
Group Polarization |
The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. |
|
Groupthink |
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. |
|
People tend to exert less effort when working with a group that they would alone, which is called ______ ______. |
Social Loafing |
|
You are organizing a meeting of fiercely competitive political candidates. To add to the fun, friends have suggested handing out masks of the candidates' faces for supporters to wear. What phenomenon might these masks engage? |
Deindividuation |
|
When like-minded group discuss a topic, and the result is the strengthening of the prevailing opinion, this is called __________ __________. |
Group Polarization |
|
When a group's desire for harmony overrides it realistic analysis of other opinions,________ has occurred. |
Groupthink |
|
Prejudice |
An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and it member. |
|
Stereotype |
A generalized belief about a group of people. |
|
Discrimintaion |
Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. |
|
Just-World Phenomenon |
The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. |
|
Ingroup |
"Us"-people with whom we share a common identity |
|
Outgroup |
"Them"-those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup. |
|
Ingroup Bias |
The tendency to favor our own group. |
|
Scapegoat Theory |
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. |
|
Other-Race Effect |
The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. |
|
Aggression |
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt a destroy. |
|
Frustration-Aggression Principle |
The principle that frustration-the blocking of attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression. |
|
Social Script |
Culturally modeled guide for how act in various situations. |
|
Mere Exposure Effect |
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking them. |
|
People tend to marry someone who lives or work nearby. This and example of _______ __________ ___________ in action. |
Mere Exposure Effect |
|
Companionate Love |
The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. |
|
Equity |
A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. |
|
Self-Disclosure |
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. |
|
Two vital components for maintaining companionate love are __________ &_____-________. |
Equity, and Self-Disclosure |
|
Bystander Effect |
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. |
|
Social Exchange Theory |
The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize cost. |
|
Reciprocity Norm |
An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. |
|
Social-Responsibility Norm |
An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. |
|
Conflict |
A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. |
|
Social Trap |
A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. |
|
Mirror-Image Perceptions |
Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive. |
|
Superordinate Goal |
Shared goals that override difference among people and require their cooperation |