Chapter 14 - Quick And Easy Medical Terminology

Front 1

receptors

Back 1

sensory nerve endings that respond to various kinds of stimulation

Front 2

sense organs

Back 2

the eyes, ears, skin, mouth, and nose

Front 3

pupil

Back 3

small dark circular structure in the center of the eye which is surrounded by the colored portion of the eye that we regularly see

Front 4

iris

Back 4

the colored portion of the eye

- contracts or relaxes to control the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil

Front 5

sclera

Back 5

tough outer layer of the eye

Front 6

conjunctiva

Back 6

mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelid and acts as a protective covering for the exposed surface of the eye

Front 7

lacrimal glands

Back 7

produce and store tears (lacrimal fluid)

Front 8

lacrimal ducts

Back 8

openings through which tears produced by the lacrimal gland can flow through

Front 9

nasolacrimal sac

Back 9

tears drain from the lacrimal ducts into these sacs

Front 10

nasolacrimal duct

Back 10

drains tears from nasolacrimal sac to these ducts then ends in the nasal cavity

Front 11

tearing

Back 11

when more lacrimal fluid is produced than can be removed

Front 12

cornea

Back 12

the transparent structure at the front of the eyeball that bends or refracts light rays so they are focused properly on the sensitive receptor cells in the posterior region of the eye

Front 13

choroid

Back 13

dark brown membrane inside the sclera, and continuous with the iris and the ciliary body

Front 14

ciliary body

Back 14

surrounds the outside of the lends in a circular fashion allowing in shape and thickness of the lens

- secretes vitreous humor

- also secretes a fluid called aqueous humor

Front 15

accomodation

Back 15

refractory adjustment for close vision

Front 16

anterior chamber

Back 16

where aqueous humor is stored

Front 17

vitreous chamber

Back 17

another cavity of the eye filled with vitreous humor

Front 18

vitreous humor

Back 18

soft, jelly-like material

Front 19

retina

Back 19

delicate nervous tissue membrane of the eye which is continuous with the optic nerve

Front 20

optic disc

Back 20

region of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina

Front 21

rods and cones

Back 21

rods are responsible for peripheral vision, night and vision, and detection of motion

cones for color vision

Front 22

daltonism

Back 22

affect either the green or red receptor cones so that the two colors cannot be distinguished from each other

- inherited, sex-linked disorder

Front 23

achromatic vision

Back 23

total color blindness

- inability to see any color at all

Front 24

choroid/o

Back 24

choroid

Front 25

chrom/o

Back 25

color

Front 26

conjunctiv/o

Back 26

conjunctiva

Front 27

corne/o, kerat/o

Back 27

cornea

Front 28

dacry/o, lacrim/o

Back 28

tear

Front 29

irid/o, ir/o

Back 29

iris

Front 30

ocul/o, ophthalm/o

Back 30

eye

Front 31

opt/o, optic/o

Back 31

vision

Front 32

presby/o

Back 32

old or old age

Front 33

pupill/o

Back 33

pupil

Front 34

retin/o

Back 34

retina

Front 35

ton/o

Back 35

tone or tension

Front 36

Snellen chart

Back 36

tests clearness or sharpness of vision

Front 37

conjunctival

Back 37

pertaining to the conjunctiva

Front 38

choroidal

Back 38

pertaining to the choroid

Front 39

corneal

Back 39

pertaining to the cornea

Front 40

iridic

Back 40

pertaining to the iris

Front 41

lacrimal

Back 41

pertaining to the tears

Front 42

ocular, optic, ophthalmic

Back 42

pertaining to or affecting the eye

Front 43

pupillary

Back 43

pertaining to the pupil

Front 44

retinal

Back 44

pertaining to the retina

Front 45

myopia

Back 45

nearsightedness

Front 46

hyperopia

Back 46

farsightedness, or inability of the eyes to focus on nearby objects

Front 47

astigmatism

Back 47

uneven focusing of the image, resulting from distortion of the curvature of the lens or cornea

Front 48

tonometry

Back 48

measuring of intraocular pressure using a tonometer

Front 49

assessment of visual fields

Back 49

determines the physical space visible to an individual in a fixed position

Front 50

mydiatric

Back 50

agent that dilates the pupil

Front 51

presbyopia

Back 51

hyperopia and impairment of vision due to advancing years or old age

Front 52

accommodation reflex

Back 52

the ability of the eye to adjust to variations in distance

Front 53

fluorescein angiography

Back 53

procedure uses fluorescein to examine movement of blood through blood vessels in the eye

Front 54

amblyopia, strabismus

Back 54

reduced vision in one eye, not correctable by glasses but by wearing eye patch

Front 55

blepharitis

Back 55

inflammation of the eyelid

Front 56

cataract

Back 56

abnormal progressive condition of the lens, characterized by loss of transparency

Front 57

achromatopsia

Back 57

profound inability to see color

Front 58

conjunctivitis

Back 58

inflammation of the conjunctiva, also called red eyes or pink eye

Front 59

glaucoma

Back 59

abnormal condition of increased pressure within the eye

Front 60

hordeolum

Back 60

sty or stye, resulting from an infected sebaceous gland of an eyelash

Front 61

macular degeneration

Back 61

a progressive deterioration of the retina associated with new vessel formation that can progress to blindness

Front 62

nyctalopia

Back 62

poor vision at night or in dim light

Front 63

photophobia

Back 63

excessive sensitivity of the eyes to light

Front 64

ptosis

Back 64

drooping of the upper eyelids

Front 65

retinal detachment

Back 65

separation of the retina from the choroid, usually resulting from a hole or tear in the retina

Front 66

retinopathy

Back 66

any disease of the retina

Front 67

iridectomy

Back 67

surgical removal of part of the iris

Front 68

blepharoplasty

Back 68

surgical repair of the eyelid to repair ptosis

Front 69

corneal transplant

Back 69

transplantation of corneal tissue from a donor or the patient's own cornea

Front 70

ophthalmic cryosurgery

Back 70

use of extreme cold to remove a cataract or to cause the edges of a detached retina to heal

Front 71

cryoextraction

Back 71

removal of a cataract using an extremely cold probe

Front 72

corneal abrasion

Back 72

scraping away of the outer layers of the cornea

Front 73

extraction of the lens

Back 73

removal of the lens to treat a cataract

Front 74

intraocular lens transplant

Back 74

replacing the lens with an artificial lens

Front 75

laser retinal photocoagulation

Back 75

uses laser to make pinpoint scars to stabilize a detached retina

Front 76

LASIK

Back 76

laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis

- corneal surgery in which the excimer laser and a microkeratome

- combined to correct nearsightedness

Front 77

ceremun

Back 77

yellowish, brown, waxy substance that lubricates and protects the ears

Front 78

tympanic membrane

Back 78

eardrum

Front 79

malleus, incus, stapes

Back 79

the three small bones or ossicles in the middle ear that conduct the sound waves through the middle ear

Front 80

oval window

Back 80

a membrane which separates the middle ear from the inner ear

Front 81

cochlea

Back 81

a spiral tunnel, resembling a snail shell

Front 82

semicircular canals

Back 82

fluid-filled canals which open into the cochlea

Front 83

auditory, eustachian tube

Back 83

leads from the middle ear to the pharynx

Front 84

acoust/o, audi/o

Back 84

hearing

Front 85

adenoid/o

Back 85

adenoids

Front 86

aur/o, auricul/o, ot/o

Back 86

ear

Front 87

cerumin/o

Back 87

ear wax

Front 88

cochle/o

Back 88

cochlea

Front 89

myring/o, tympan/o

Back 89

eardrum

Front 90

salping/o

Back 90

eustachian tube

Front 91

-ory

Back 91

pertaining to

Front 92

acoustic

Back 92

pertaining to sound or hearing

Front 93

audible

Back 93

capable of being heard

Front 94

auditory

Back 94

pertaining to the sense of hearing and the organs involved

Front 95

aural, auricular, otic

Back 95

pertaining to the external ear

Front 96

cochlear

Back 96

pertaining to the cochlea

Front 97

otoscopic examination, otoscopy

Back 97

examination of the ear using an otoscope

Front 98

audiologist

Back 98

detects and evaluates hearing loss and determines how a patient can best make use of remaining hearing

Front 99

audiometer

Back 99

electronic device for measuring hearing

Front 100

audiogram

Back 100

record produced by audiometer

Front 101

deafness

Back 101

inability to hear

Front 102

tuning fork tests

Back 102

screen for both function of the auditory nerve and ability of ear structures to conduct sound waves to the inner ear

Front 103

otitis

Back 103

inflammation of the ear

Front 104

otorrhea

Back 104

discharge from the ear

Front 105

otalgia

Back 105

pain in the ear

Front 106

otitis media

Back 106

inflammation of the middle ear

Front 107

myringitis

Back 107

inflammation of the tympanic membrane

Front 108

mastoiditis

Back 108

an infection of one of the mastoid bones of the skull, usually an extension of a middle ear infection

Front 109

otitis externa

Back 109

external ear infection, often caused by funcus

Front 110

otomycosis

Back 110

commonly called swimmer's ear

- external ear infection caused by fungus

Front 111

otitis interna

Back 111

inner ear infection, inflammation of the inner ear, and can affect both hearing and equilibrium

Front 112

otosclerosis

Back 112

hardening of the ear

Front 113

tinnitus

Back 113

noise in the ears

Front 114

Meniere disease

Back 114

a chronic disease of the inner ear with recurring episodes of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo

Front 115

vertigo

Back 115

dizziness

Front 116

cochlear implant

Back 116

an implanted device that assists hearing by electrically stimulating the cochlea

Front 117

otoplasty

Back 117

surgical repair or reconstruction of external ear

Front 118

tympanostomy

Back 118

surgical creation of an opening through the eardrum to promote drainage and/or allow the introduction of an artificial tubes to maintain the opening

Front 119

ceruminolytics

Back 119

medications that are used to soften and break down earwax

Front 120

chem/o

Back 120

chemical

Front 121

mechan/o

Back 121

mechanical

Front 122

noc/i

Back 122

cause harm, injury, or pain

Front 123

phot/o

Back 123

light

Front 124

therm/o

Back 124

heat

Front 125

mechanoreceptors

Back 125

sensitive to mechanical changes in touch or pressure are widely distributed in the skin

Front 126

photoreceptors

Back 126

located in the eyes

- detect light

Front 127

thermoreceptors

Back 127

located immediately under the skin and are widely distributed throughout the body

Front 128

nociceptors

Back 128

sense of pain initiated by these special receptors

Front 129

chemoreceptors

Back 129

nerve endings in the nose and tongue that are adapted for excitation by chemicals that enable taste

Front 130

taste buds

Back 130

taste organs which have chemoreceptors for sweet, sour, bitter, and salty tastes

Front 131

-osmia

Back 131

sense of smell

Front 132

olfaction

Back 132

sense of smell

Front 133

olfactory

Back 133

pertaining to the sense of smell

Front 134

anosmia

Back 134

loss or impairment of the sense of smell

Front 135

hyperosmia

Back 135

abnormally increased sensitivity to odors