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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
blood |
made up of cells and plasma 1. cells - 45% 2. plasma - 55% |
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cells |
the portion of blood that consists of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes |
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plasma |
the portion of blood made up of water, sugar, proteins, salts, hormones, lipids, and vitamins |
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A, B, AB, O |
blood types |
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Type O |
universal donor |
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Type AB |
universal recipient |
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chrom/o |
root for color |
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coagul/o |
root for clotting |
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erythr/o |
root for red |
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hem/o, hemat/o |
roots for blood |
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is/o |
root for same, equal |
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myel/o |
root for bone marrow |
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poikil/o |
root for varied, irregular (usually shape) |
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sider/o |
root for iron |
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spher/o |
root for round, globe |
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thromb/o |
root for clot |
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-apheresis |
suffix for removal, carrying away |
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-blast |
suffix for immature cell |
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-cytosis |
suffix for abnormal condition |
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-globin/-globulin |
suffix for protein |
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-lytic |
suffix for pertaining to the destruction of |
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-penia |
suffix for deficiency |
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-philia |
suffix for attraction for |
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-phoresis |
suffix for carrying transmission |
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colony stimulating factor (CSF) |
protein that stimulates the growth of WBCs |
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electrophoresis |
method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge |
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plasmapheresis |
removal of plasma from blood by centrifuge (the collected cells are transfused back into the donor) |
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red blood cells |
1. erythroblast -> reticulocyte -> erythrocyte 2. Have a biconcanve shape with a central depression 3. Life span of 120 days |
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anemia |
deficiency in erythrocytes/hemoglobin |
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aplastic anemia |
an anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements |
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pancytopenia |
lack of peripheral blood elements (not the anemia) |
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hemolytic anemia |
general term covering a large group of anemias, in which there is a shortened life span of the RBCs (usually due to destruction) |
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hemolytic disease of the newborn |
a hemolytic anemia that is usually caused by blood group incompatibility between the mother and the baby |
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hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis |
abnormal RBC membrane hemolytic anemias |
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sickle cell anemia and thalassemia |
abnormal hemoglobin hemolytic anemia |
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hemoglobin |
oxygen carrying molecule that fills the RBC |
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hereditary spherocytosis |
an anemia that results in the formation of spherocytes |
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spherocytes |
RBCs that are almost spherical in shape and have no area of central pallor like a normal RBC
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sickle cell anemia |
an inherited hemoglobinopathy that is characterized by the irreversibly crescent or sickle-shaped RBCs, increased hemolysis, painful crisis, and increased susceptibility to infections |
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thalassemia |
a group of inherited disorders that affect the synthesis of hemoglobin, resulting in hypochromic and microcytic RBCs |
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beta-thalassemia |
thalassemia caused by a deficient synthesis of beta globin. Requires transfusion therapy to sustain life |
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alpha-thalassemia |
thalassemia caused by a deficient synthesis of alpha globin |
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pernicious anemia |
a megaloblastic anemia caused by the lack of intrinsic factor (responsible for the absorption of B12) from the parietal cells in the gastric mucosa |
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B12 |
a vitamin necessary for the proper development and maturation of erythrocytes |
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folic acid deficiency anemia |
a megaloblastic anemia produced by the deficiency of folic acid |
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folic acid |
a nutrient that is essential for DNA synthesis and is mainly present in fruits and vegetables |
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iron deficiency anemia |
a hypochromic and microcytic anemia that is caused by an underlying condition. The microcytic RBCs are all a different size (anisocytosis). It is the most common type of anemia world wide. |
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hemochromatosis |
genetic condition causing excessive deposits of iron throughout the body, resulting in iron overload |
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polycythemia vera |
the general increase in RBCs (generally also results in the increase of leukocytes and platelets) |
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erythremia |
the term used to describe the general increase in RBCs |
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hemophilia |
inherited bleeding disorder secondary to clotting factor deficiency |
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hemophilia A |
hemophilia caused by the deficiency of factor VII |
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hemophilia B (Christmas disease) |
hemophilia caused by the deficiency of factor IX |
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Von Willebrand's disease |
hemophilia caused by the deficiency of Von Willibrand's factor |
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purpura |
bleeding under the skin, resulting in multiple pinpoint hemorrages and the accumulation of blood under the skin (petechiae and ecchymosis) |
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petechiae |
tiny, pinpoint flat spots of blood appearing on the skin |
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ecchymosis |
a large bruise |
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ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura) |
a decrease in platelets after infection (<100,000) that can lead to brusiing, bleeding gums, GI bleeds, gyn bleeding, and a prolonged bleeding time |
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leukemia |
a cancer involving WBCs, resulting in immature blood cells in the bone marrow and peripheral circulation, producing an array of neoplastic disorders |
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lymphocytic leukemia (ALL/CLL) |
leukemia resulting in the predominance of lymphocytes |
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myelogenous leukemia (AML/CML) |
leukemia resulting in the predominance of myeloid cells |
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) |
most common form of leukemia, often found in the elderly |
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acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) |
the leukemia most often seen in children |
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granulocytosis |
an abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood |
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eosinophilia |
a type of granulocytosis resulting in the increase of eosinophils. Seen with allergic conditions |
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basophilia |
a type of granulocytosis resulting in the increase basophils. Seen with types of leukemia |
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mononucleosis |
an acute, self-limited infection that occurs mainly in adolescents. Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is transmitted mainly through saliva |
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multiple myeloma |
the malignant tumor of the bone, resulting in a tumor of plasma cells |
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Bence Jones protein |
Plasma proteins in the urine. A classic sign of multiple myeloma. |
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antiglobulin test (Coombs' test) |
a test that detects antigen-antibody complexes on the RBC membrane in vivo as well as RBC sensitization |
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bleeding time |
measures the primary phase of hemostasis (the interaction of the platelet with the blood vessel wall and the formation of a hemostatic pluc) |
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coagulation time |
time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube |
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complete blood count (CBC) |
a test that measures the contents of the blood |
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
the rate at which erythrocytes settle out of the anticoagulated blood in 1 hour |
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sedimentation |
occurs when the erythrocytes clump or aggregate together in a column-like manner (rouleaux formation) |
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hematocrit (Hct) |
test that indirectly measures the RBC mass. The results are expressed as a percentage by volume of packed RBCs in the whole blood |
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hemoglobin |
the main component of erythrocytes that serves as a vehicle for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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platelet count |
measure the amount of platelets in the blood |
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platelets (thrombocytes) |
the smallest of the formed elements in the blood |
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partial thromboplastin time (PTT) |
a one-stage clotting test that screens for coagulation disorders. It can deficiencies of the intrinsic thromboplastin system and also reveals defects in the extrinsic coagulation mechanism pathway. Used to monitor heparin |
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prothrombin time (pro time/PT) |
tests the ability of the blood to clot. Used to evaluate therapy with coumadin |
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prothrombin (factor II) |
a protein produced by the liver for the clotting of blood. During the clotting process, it is converted to thrombin. |