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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Action Potential |
the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell. |
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Central Nerve System |
the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord. |
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Depolarization |
loss of polarization especially : loss of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane of a muscle or nerve cell due to a change in permeability and migration of sodium ions to the interior |
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Medulla Oblongta |
the continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control centers for the heart and lungs. |
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Myelin |
a mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted. |
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Neurotransmitter |
a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure. |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. |
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Repolarization |
the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value. |
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Synapse |
a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. |
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Afferent Division |
Consists of nerve fibers that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors located throughout the body. |
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Cerebellum |
the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity. |
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Efferent Division |
Consists of nerve fibers that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors located throughout the body. Term. Efferent Division. Definition. Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs, which are the muscles and glands. |
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Efferent Division |
Consists of nerve fibers that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors located throughout the body. Term. Efferent Division. Definition. Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs, which are the muscles and glands. |
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Meninge (Spinal/Cranial) |
the three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater) that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord. |
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Neuroglia |
Glia, also called glial cells or neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. They maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons. |
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Neuroglia |
Glia, also called glial cells or neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. They maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons. |
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Nodes (of Ranvier) |
a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells. |
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Pons |
the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus. |
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Saltatory Propagation |
Saltatory conduction (from the Latin saltare, to hop or leap) is the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next node, increasing the conduction velocity of action potentials. |
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Autonomic Nervous System |
the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes. |
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Cerebrum |
the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body. |
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Cerebrum |
the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body. |
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Hyperpolarization |
decrease in potential; membrane less negative) return to resting potential. |
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Cerebrum |
the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body. |
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Hyperpolarization |
decrease in potential; membrane less negative) return to resting potential. |
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Meningitis |
inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity to light, and muscular rigidity, leading (in severe cases) to convulsions, delirium, and death. |
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Cerebrum |
the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body. |
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Hyperpolarization |
decrease in potential; membrane less negative) return to resting potential. |
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Meningitis |
inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity to light, and muscular rigidity, leading (in severe cases) to convulsions, delirium, and death. |
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Neuron |
a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |
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Parasympathetic Division |
The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes called the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. |
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Parasympathetic Division |
The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes called the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. |
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Reflex |
an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought. |
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Parasympathetic Division |
The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes called the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. |
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Reflex |
an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought. |
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Sympathetic Division |
The autonomic nervous system also has two divisions: the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. These two divisions have antagonistic (opposing) effects on the internal organs they innervate (send nerves to = act on). The sympathetic division, shown at the left, is the emergency system. |