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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is pressure?
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The force per unit area on a surface. (P)
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Pressure is equal to...
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force/area
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What is the SI unit for force?
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Newton.
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What is the force that will increase speed of a 1 kg mass by 1 m per second each second that force is applied?
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Newton. (N)
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On earth, ________ has an acceleration of 9.8 m/s^2.
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gravity
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What is a barometer?
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A device used to measure atmospheric pressure. (Evangelista Torricelli)
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What is the common unit of pressure?
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Millimeters of mercury, symbolized by mm Hg.
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A pressure of 1 mm Hg is also called 1 what?
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Torr.
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What is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level at 0°C?
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760 mm Hg.
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How are pressures often measured?
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In units of atmospheres.
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One atmosphere of pressure (atm) is equal to ______ mm Hg.
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760
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One _________ is the pressure exerted by a force of one newton (N) acting on an area of one square meter.
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pascal (Pa)
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What is standard pressure?
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1 atm.
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What is standard temperature?
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0°C.
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1 Pa = ?
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1 N / m^2
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What is the pressure of each gas in a mixture called?
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Partial Pressure.
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What does Dalton's law of partial pressures state?
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The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.
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Patm =
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Pgas + PH2O
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PV = K
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Boyle's Law. P = Pressure, V = Volume, and k is the constant.
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What does Boyle's law state?
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The volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature.
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P1V1 = P2V2
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P1 and V1 represent the initial conditions whilst P2 and V2 represent a different set of conditions.
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What is absolute zero?
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The temperature -273°C, given a value of zero in the Kelvin scale.
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What does Charles's law state?
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That the volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure varies directly with the Kelvin temperature.
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V = kT or V/T = k
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T = Kelvin temperature
k = constant V = volume |
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V1/T1 = V2/T2
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V1 and T1 represent initial conditions whilst V2 and T2 represent the different ones.
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State Gay-Lussac's law.
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The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume varies directly with the Kelvin temperature.
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p = kT or P/T = k
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T = temperature in Kelbin
k = constant P = pressure |
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P1/T1 = P2/T2
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P1 and T1 represent initial conditions whilst P2 and T2 represent differing ones.
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What is Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes of gases?
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At constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactants and products can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers.
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What does Avogadro's law state?
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That equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
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V = kn
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V = volume
k = constant n = amount of gas in moles |
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What is the standard molar volume of a gas?
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The volume occupied by one mole of a gas at STP.
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What is the ideal gas law?
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The mathematical relationship among pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas.
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PV = nRT
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r = constant
you know the rest |
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What is the ideal gas constant?
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The constant R. It's value depends on the units chosen for pressure, volume, and temperature.
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R = PV/nT
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(1 atm)(22.414 10L)/(1 mol)(273.15 K)
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What does Graham's law of effusion state?
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That the rates of effusion of gases at the same temperature and pressure are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses.
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rate of effusion of A/rate of effusion of B = sqrtMB/sqrtMA
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.
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What does the average kinetic energy of the molecules in any gas depend on?
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Temperature and equals 1/2mv^2
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Boyle's law states that the inverse relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas is:
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PV = k
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Charles's law illustrates the direct relationship between a gas's volume and its temperature in kelvins:
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V =kT
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Gay-Lussac's law represents the direct relationship between a gas's pressure and its temperature in kelvins:
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P = kT
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The combined gas law, as its name implies, combines the previous relationships into the following mathematical expression:
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PV/T = k
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Why do gases diffuse?
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Due to their constant random molecular motion.
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Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes states that the volumes of reacting gases and their products at the same temperature and pressure can be expressed how?
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As ratios of whole numbers.
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What is the volume occupied by one mole of an ideal gas at STP? (standard molar volume)
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22.414 10 L.
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Charles's law, Boyle's law, and Avodgadro's law can be combined to create the idea gas law:
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PV = nRT
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