Chapter 11

Front 1

As a result of socialization, ________ are drawn from parents, teachers, friends, religion, and culture.

Back 1

values

Front 2

"All men are created equal," is an example of a/n ________ value while "Always strive to do your best," is an example of a/n ________ value.

Back 2

societal, personal

Front 3

Societal norms are determined by:

a. sanctions for deviating from the norm.

b. consensus by a particular community.

c. the media.

d. the legal system.

e. time frame and sanctions for deviating from the norm.

Back 3

time frame and sanctions for deviating from the norm.

Front 4

The process by which one comes to know what is personally important is called values ________.

Back 4

clarification

Front 5

Values are reflected in all of the following EXCEPT:

a. advocacy groups.

b. cultural norms.

c. graduation requirements.

d. government policies.

e. parenting styles.

Back 5

graduation requirements.

Front 6

________ is the tendency to respond positively or negatively to certain persons, objects or situations.

Back 6

attitude

Front 7

Insa believes that all Americans are overweight and obsessed with possessions. This is an example of a/n:

a. reasoning

b. morals

c. values

d. feelings

e. stereotype

Back 7

stereotype

Front 8

Young Peter once told his mother that the man sitting at the next table was a "chocolate man" because of his dark skin. Which phase of attitude development does Peter's statement best represent?

a. Phase IIIa - stereotypes

b. Phase III - attitudes towards ethnic groups

c. Phase II - orientation toward specific ethnic-related words

d. Phase IV - prejudices

e. Phase I - awareness of ethnic differences

Back 8

Phase I - awareness of ethnic differences

Front 9

Children's development of attitudes towards others is often observed in the behavior of others they admire. This process is known as:

a. modeling.

b. indirect instruction.

c. direct instruction.

d. peer reinforcement.

e. family values.

Back 9

a. modeling.

Front 10

Which of the following is an example of how the media can be used to increase acceptance of diversity?

a. Portraying discrimination as morally wrong.

b. All of these choices.

c. Direct teaching of morals.

d. Portrayal of ethnically diverse role models.

e. Indirect teaching of morals.

Back 10

Portrayal of ethnically diverse role models.

Front 11

Mrs. Anderson has been told that several of her students are gifted. As a result of this information she treats them differently and these students do show greater achievement than the other students. This is know as the:

a. self-fulfilling prophecy.

b. prejudice towards average students.

c. goodness-of-fit.

d. unequal treatment of students.

e. discrimination of at-risk students.

Back 11

self-fulfilling prophecy.

Front 12

The naturalistic experiment in which blue eye children and brown eye children were described by their teacher as superior or inferior demonstrated the concept of:

Back 12

how prejudicial attitudes might develop.

Front 13

Teachers might create an antibiased classroom by doing which of the following?

a. Images of important individuals from varying backgrounds.

b. Images of people with disabilities.

c. Artwork from artists from various backgrounds.

d. All of these choices.

e. Pictures of the elderly in the classroom

Back 13

all of these choices

Front 14

________ refers to how individuals attribute their performance or where they place personal responsibility for success or failure (internal/external).

Back 14

Locus of control

Front 15

Adrienne believes that she is good in math because she does all of the homework and studies hard for all of the tests. Adrienne most likely has ________.

a. high self-esteem

b. unrealistic expectations

c. external locus of control

d. a high grade point average

e. internal locus of control

Back 15

internal locus of control

Front 16

Parents can encourage achievement motivation by doing all the following EXCEPT:

a. set high but realistic standards for their children.

b. communicate confidence in their child's ability to accomplish a particular task.

c. communicate approval about their child's efforts.

d. pay their children for good grades.

e. allow their children to solve their own problems.

Back 16

pay their children for good grades.

Front 17

Children who believe that their achievements are out of their control or a matter of luck rather than efforts are more likely to develop a/n ________ attribution of their accomplishments.

Back 17

helpless-oriented

Front 18

Locus of control develops through one's actions on the ________ and one's interactions with ________.

Back 18

environment, others

Front 19

Renee told her mother, "I didn't make the cheerleading squad because I'm ugly and stupid and I'll never be able to make the squad." This is an example of:

Back 19

learned helplessness

Front 20

________ is related to empowerment, achievement motivation, internal locus of control, history of success and failure and learned helplessness.

Back 20

Self-efficacy

Front 21

When Mrs. French tells her 2nd grade class, "This lesson is going to be tough but I know you can do this!" this is an example of a lesson in:

Back 21

self-efficacy.

Front 22

Self-efficacy beliefs provide students with a sense of personal agency to motivate their learning through the use self-regulatory processes, like ________.

a. goal setting

b. self-evaluation

c. strategy use

d. self-monitoring

e. all of these choices

Back 22

e. all of these choices

Front 23

Self-esteem can be considered multidimensional and may include such factors as:

a. physical appearance.

b. all of these choices.

c. academic competence.

d. none of these choices.

e. athletic competence.

Back 23

b. all of these choices.

Front 24

A child who has a sense of mistrust, self-doubt and inferiority probably has:

Back 24

low self-esteem.

Front 25

According to Coopersmith, self-esteem is related to the following criteria:

a. competence.

b. significance to others.

c. all of these choices.

d. virtue.

e. power.

Back 25

all of these choices.

Front 26

Researchers have found that self-esteem is usually set by:

Back 26

middle childhood.

Front 27

The most significant socializing agent that influences the development of self-esteem is ________.

Back 27

family

Front 28

Gregory's mother is affectionate, strict with her rules and allows Gregory to express his opinions regarding family plans. It is most likely that Gregory will develop a:

Back 28

high self-esteem.

Front 29

Teachers who wish to encourage the development of a healthy self-esteem in their students should do all the following EXCEPT:

a. provide opportunities for cooperative play and activities.

b. understand and attend to individual needs.

c. make comparison to other students to encourage healthy competition in the classroom.

d. encourage participation with chores in the classroom.

e. set up tasks so students can be successful.

Back 29

make comparison to other students to encourage healthy competition in the classroom.

Front 30

The rate at which one matures physically compares to one's ________ affects self-concept.

Back 30

same aged peers

Front 31

Making the ideal unattainable through the use of advertisements may promote ________ to motivate consumers to buy a particular product.

Back 31

low self-esteem

Front 32

Individuals with disabilities may be more likely to have low self-esteem because:

Back 32

both they do not conform to the ideal body type imposed by society and they often need to have others do things for them.