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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is motivation?
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*internal and external factors that influence behavior
*a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
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What is a motivational drive (state)? Give an example.
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*Internal motivation
*May change over time *Orients an individul to specific goals (physiological usually) Ex: Hunger |
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What are incentives? Give an example.
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*Reinforcers/goals
*External motivation Ex: Getting good grades |
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Descrive the Drive-Reduction theory.
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When an organism is not at homeostasis, an aroused state of tension motivates that organism to satisfy the need.
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What is the difference between regulatory and nonregulatory drives?
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*Regulatory: satisfy physiological needs (internal drives)
Nonregultory: satisfy external drives |
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Describe the process of drive reduction.
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1) Homeostasis
==> balance disturbed 2) Biological need ==> Need gives drive 3) Drive (internal state of tension) ==> Organism motivated to satisfy need 4) Goal directed behavior ==> Drive reduced 5) Need satisfied ==> Balance restored *NOTE: this is a never ending cycle (circle graph) |
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What is homeostasis?
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the constncy of INTERNAL conditions that the body must maiintian
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Give an example of a drive that is NOT explained by homeostasis.
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A person playing a sport on JV was the best of the group. When he or she moved up to Varsity, they didn't do as well, causing tension and motivating them to practice.
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What is facial feedback?
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When expression on our faces (facial muscles) send messages to the brain indicating the emotion felt.
*NOTE: facial expressions are a universal language |
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What are the 6 universal emotions (primary/inborn)?
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1) Anger
2) Fear 3) Disgust 4) Happiness 5) Sadness 6) Pride |
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What are display rules? How are they related to emotion work?
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Display rules: set of general rules on how, where, and when a person may express or suppress certain emotions
*Emotionl work: expressing emotions not felt ==> A sad person may smile at wedding because that is the norm |
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What is the set-point theory?
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An individual has a certain weight range that the body maintains through metabolism and such.
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What is TAT? What kind of test is it?
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*Thematic Apperception Test
*Requires test-takers to make up a story about a set of ambiguous pictures (person will reveal unconscious feelings) *Projective test |
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What is the difference between approach and avoidance goals?
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Approach: Wanting to achieve something (i.e- learn to scuba dive)
Avoidance: wanting to avoid an unwanted situation (i.e- embarrassment in public) |
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What is the self-fufilling prophecy?
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An expectation that comes true because of the tendency of the person holding it to ct in wys that bring it about MEANING if i believe it will happen, it will happen.
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What are two strong predictors of whom people will love?
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1) Proximity
2) Similarity |
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What is the difference between mastery (learning) goals and performance goals?
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Mastery- focuses on learning the task well
Performance- focuses on learning the tsk well enough to recieve praise from others |
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What are the 3 biological theories?
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1) Instinct (inborn)
2) Drive (internal tensions to satisfy needs) 3) Arousal (external factor of arousal) |
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What is "rest and digest?"
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Slowing down after moment of high arousal to reduce nonessential functions to repair the body
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What is Yerkes-Dodson Law?
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Analyzes the amount of arousal vs the quality of performance for easy, moderate and difficult tasks.
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For what degree of difficulty is high arousal best? Give an example.
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*Easy tasks
Ex: A tennis pro hitting a forehand |
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What degree of difficulty is best for low arousal? Give an example.
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* Very difficult tasks
Ex: Working on a VERYYYY difficult brain teaser |
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What degree of difficulty is best for moderate arousal? Give an example.
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*Moderately difficult tasks
Ex: Working on a homework assignment on a new lesson topic disscussed during class. |
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Two aspects does the psychosocial theory include?
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1) Incentive
2) Cognitive |
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What is the incentive aspect of a person doing their homework?
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(External pull)
To get good grades |
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What is the cognitive aspect of a person doing their homework?
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(External pull)
1) Expectations- meet and please the teacher's expectations 2) Attributes- to furthur your knowledge and enhance your skills and abilities |
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What is the biopsychosocial theory related to?
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Maslow's heirarchy of needs
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Wht is the order of Maslow's Hierarchy of needs?
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1) Basic needs (physiological)
2) Safety 3) Belonging 4) Esteem 5) Self- Actualization |
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Explain one reason why a person may never reach self-actualization.
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* Limited by the resources available
*New goals turn out to be more important (ex: Raising family is more important then getting a degree) |
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What is emotion?
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response of the whole organism
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What is the common-sense theory?
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Stimulus ==> Perception ==> Emotion ==> Bodily Arousal
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What is the Jame's Peripheral Feedback Theory?
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Stimulus ==> Perception ==> Bodily Arousal ==> Emotion
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What is the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion?
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Perception of stimulus ==> Both an emotion and bodily arousal at the same time
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What is the Schacter Cognition-Plus-Feedback Theory?
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Stimulus ==> Perception ==> Either bodily arousal or emotion ==> whichever type is left btw arousal and emotion ==> percieves as more or less ==> change in degree of either bodily arousal or emotion ==> change in degree of which ever factor is left... (continuous until stimulus is nuetral)
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