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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Agribusiness
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Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations,
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Agriculture
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The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earths surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for substance or economic gain.
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Cereal Grain
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a grass yielding grain for food.
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Chaff
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Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.
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Combine
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A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.
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Commercial Agriculture
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Agriculture undertaken primary to generate for sale off the farm.
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Crop
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Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.
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Crop Rotation
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The practice of rotation use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
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Desertification
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Degradation of land, especially in semi arid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.
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Double Cropping
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Harvesting twice a year from the same field
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Grain
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Seed of a cereal grass
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Grain Revolution
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Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
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Horticulture
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The growing of fruits, vegetables and flowers
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Hull
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The outer covering of a seed
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Intensive subsistance agriculture
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A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must extend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasibly from a parcel of land.
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Milkshed
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The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
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Paddy
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Malay word for wet rice commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah
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Pastoral nomadism
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A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domestic animals
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Pasture
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Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing
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Plantation
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A large form in tropical or subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.
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Prime Agricultural Land
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The most productive farmland
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Ranching
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A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area
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Reaper
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A machine that cuts grain standing in the field
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Ridge Tillage
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System of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and preserve greater soil conservation.
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Sawah
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A flooded field for growing rice.
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Seed Agriculture
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Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds which result from sexual fertilization.
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Shifting Cultivation
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A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
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Slash-and-Burn Agriculture
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Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation, and burning the debris.
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Spring Wheat
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Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in late summer.
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Subsistence Agriculture
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Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct composition by the farmer and a farmer's family.
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Sustainable Agriculture
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Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides.
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Swidden
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A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.
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Thresh
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To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it.
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Transhumance
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The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and low land pastures.
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Truck Farming
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Commercial gardening and fruit farming so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning battering or exchange of commodities.
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Vegetative Planting
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Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants.
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Wet Rice
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Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.
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Winnow
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To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.
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Winter Wheat
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Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer.
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