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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Historians
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scholars who study and write about the historical past
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Artifacts
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objects made by humans
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Anthropology
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the origins and development of people and their societies
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Culture
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refers to the way of like of a society
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Archaeology
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is the study of past people and cultures through their material remains
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Mary Leakey and Louis Leakey
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started searching for clues to the human past in a deep canyon in Tanzania called Olduvai George
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Technology
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refers to the skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs and wants
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Hominids
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a group that includes humans and their closest relatives, all walk upright on 2 feet
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Donald Johanson
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found additional evidence of early hominids in 1974n found a skeleton and named it Lucy after a Beatles song
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Old Stone Age or Paleolithic Period
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the long period from at least 2 million B.C. to about 10,000 B.C.
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New Stone Age or Neolithic Period
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period from about 10,000 B.C. until the end of prehistory
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Nomads
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early modern people who move from place to place to find food
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Animism
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spirits and forces that might reside in animals, objects, or dreams
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Neolithic Revolution
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the transition from nomadic like to settled framing brought about such dramatic changes in way of life
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Domesticate
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to raise in a controlled way that makes them best suited to human use
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Catalhuyuk
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one of the first Neolithic villages in modern day Turkey
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Jericho
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one of the first Neolithic villages which still exists today as an Israeli-controlled city
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Surpluses
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usually according to food, more than necessary
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Traditional Economy
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relies on habit, custom, or ritual and tends not to change over time
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Civilization
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is a complex, highly organized social order
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Steppes
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sparse, dry grasslands
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Polytheistic
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the belief in many gods
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Artisans
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skilled craftspeople
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Pictographs
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simple drawings that look like the objects they represent
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Scribes
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specially trained people that could read and write
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Cultural Diffusion
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the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another
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City-state
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a political unit that included a city and its surrounding lands and villages
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Empire
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is a group of states or territories controlled by one ruler
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Fertile Crescent
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a region of the Middle East named for its rich soils and golden wheat fields
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Mesopotamia
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means "between the rivers" and is the area between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, which flow from the highlands of modern-day Turkey through Iraq into the Persian Gulf
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Hierarchy
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system of ranking groups
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Ziggurat
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a large, stepped platform thought to have been topped by a temple dedicated to the chief's god or goddess
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Cuneiform
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earliest known writing on making marks on clay tablets
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Sargon
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the ruler of Akkad who invaded and conquered the neighboring city-states of Sumer
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Hammurabi
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king of Babylon, brought much of Mesopotamia under the control of his empire
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Codify
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arrange and set down in writing, all the laws that would govern a state
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Civil Law
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branch of law that deals with private rights and matters, such as business contracts, taxes, marriage, and divorce
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Criminal Law
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branch of law that deals with offenses against others, such a robbery, assault, or murder
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Nebuchadnezzar
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ruthless second king of Baylon
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Barter Economy
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exchange one set of goods or services for another
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Money Economy
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goods and services are paid for through the exchange of some token of an agreed value, such as a coin or a bill
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Zoroaster
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persian thinker who helped to unite the empire
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Colony
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is a territory settled and ruled by people from another land
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Alphabet
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is a writing system in which each symbol represents a single basic sound, such as a consonant or vowel
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Cataract
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waterfall
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Delta
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is a triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers
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Dynasty
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ruling family
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Pharaohs
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another word for Egyptian king
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Bureaucracy
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a system of government that includes different job functions and levels of authority
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Vizier
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chief minister who would supervise the business of government
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Hatshepsut
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During the New Kingdom, Egypt's first female ruler who took charge
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Thutmose III
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Hatshepsut's stepson
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Ramses II
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became the Pharaoh of the New Kingdom
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Amon- Re
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the Sun God
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Osiris and Iris?
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?
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Akhenaton
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means "he who serves Aton" and he ordered priests to worship Aton and to remove the names of other gods from their temples
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Mummification
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the preservation of dead bodies by embalming them and wrapping them in cloth
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Hieroglyphics
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a system in which symbols or pictures called hieroglyphs represent objects, concepts, or sounds
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Papyrus
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a plant that grows along the banks of the Nile
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Deciphering
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figuring out the meaning of
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Rosetta Stone
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flat, black stone that presents the same passage carved in hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek
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Monotheistic
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believing that there is only one god
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Torah
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includes the first five books of the Hebrew Bible- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy
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Abraham
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a man who lived near Ur in Mesopotamia
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Covenant
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binding agreement
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Moses
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a man who later renewed God's covenant with the Israelites
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David
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the strong and wise second king of Israel, united these tribes into a single nation
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Solomon
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David's son who followed David as king
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Patriarchal
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means that the mean held the greatest legal and moral authority
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Sabbath
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a holy day for rest and worship
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Prophets
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spiritual leaders who emerge to interpret God's will
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Ethics
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moral standards of behavior
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Diaspora
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spreading of the Jewish people
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