Chapter 1 & 2 Cognitive Science Approach

Front 1

Cognitive Psychology

Back 1

The scientific study of human memory and mental processes, including activities such as perceiving, remembering, using language, reasoning, and solving problems

Front 2

Intuitive Cognitive Analysis Process

Back 2

Sensory and perceptual > Memory and retrieval > Comprehension > Judgment and decision > Computational

Front 3

Memory

Back 3

Mental process of acquiring and retaining information for later retrieval

Front 4

Cognition

Back 4

The collection of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, remembering, thinking, and understanding, and the act of using those processes

Front 5

Ecological Validity

Back 5

Principle that research must resemble the situations and characteristics of the real world, rather than rely on artificial laboratory settings and tasks, so that results will generalize to the real world

Front 6

Analytic Approach

Back 6

The attempting to understand complex events by breaking them down into their components

Front 7

Empiricism

Back 7

The philosophical position, originally from Aristotle, that advance observation-derived data as the basis for all science

Front 8

Wilhelm Wundt

Back 8

Introspection: largely abandoned method of investigation in which subjects look inward and describe their mental processes and thoughts

Front 9

Edward Titchener

Back 9

Structuralism: the approach in which the structure of the conscious mind was studied

Front 10

Hermann Von Ebbinghaus

Back 10

Nonsense syllables experiment; forgetting curves

Front 11

William James

Back 11

Functionalism: the functions of consciousness, rather than its structure were of interest (How does the mind function?,How does it adapt to new circumstances?) Proposed memory consists of two parts: 1) immediate memory, which we are aware of, and 2) a larger memory, usually hidden or passive, that is the repository of past experiences

Front 12

John B. Watson & B.F. Skinner

Back 12

Behaviourism: Only stimuli and responses matter

Front 13

Metatheory

Back 13

General theoretical framework consisting of the assumptions made by practitioners of a science that guide the research activities of those practitioners

Front 14

Channel Capacity

Back 14

An early analogy for the limited capacity of the human information system

Front 15

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Back 15

Memory component where current and recently attended information is held; sometimes loosely equated with attention and consciousness

Front 16

Long-Term Memory

Back 16

An early analogy for the limited capacity of the human information- processing system

Front 17

Encoding

Back 17

To input or take into memory, to convert a usable mental form to store into memory

Front 18

Sequential Stages of Processing

Back 18

An assumption in most process models that the separate stages of processing occur in a fixed sequence, with no overlap of the stages

Front 19

Parallel Processing

Back 19

Any mental processing in which two or more processes or operations occur simultaneously

Front 20

Dissociation

Back 20

Pattern of abilities and performance, especially among brain-damaged patient, revealing that one cognitive process can be disrupted while another remains intact