Challenge And Change

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What influence does Music have on an individual?

Back 1

Music is used to entertain, relax, focus and motivate. Basically, it can affect your mood depending on the style of music and the audience. It’s also a communication method for global messages, stories, and beliefs.

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What influence does music have on personality?

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There has been a correlation between personality and music. Researchers found that country/western music listeners were more emotionally stable, jazz lovers were erudite and open-minded, and classical enthusiasts were introverted, friendly and detail-oriented.

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What is the Fertility Rate?

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The fertility rate is the number of live births per 1000 females aged 15 to 49 years old in a given population.

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Why are women opting to have children at a later age?

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It depends on a woman’s individual social and economic status that might influence her, but more commonly, many women are choosing to focus their attention on their careers before having a child. This is easier to do now than in the past with recent developments in fertility technologies.

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What are three of the major biological causes of infertility in Canada?

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blocked fallopian tubes, low sperm count, matured uterus with a decreased number of eggs due to hormonal changes as women age, damaged uterus from STDs

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How will the increase in Senior citizens put a strain on Canadian social programs?

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With seniors expecting to account for almost a quarter of the Canadian population by 2031, social programs like health care, pension funds, and old age security funds will require higher funding. Unfortunately, this means that funding for these programs will require making cuts in other social programs designated for the younger population in order to keep up with the increasing senior population’s needs.

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8. What is a Skip-Generation household?

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Households that consist of grandparents, grandchildren, but no middle-generations are called Skip-Generation households

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9. What are Multi-generational homes?

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Homes that consist of grandparents, parents, and children.

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10. What is Data?

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Facts and statistics gathered for reference or analysis. It’s typically in a quantitative form.

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11. What is Discrete variable?

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Represents data that can only logically take place in a finite number of real values (aka counted)

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12. What is Continuous variable?

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Data that can assume an infinite number of real values (aka measured)

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13. What are Mean, Median and Mode?

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Mean: sum of all the values divided by the total number of values in a given data set (aka avg), Median: the middle value in a set of data., Mode: to the most frequently occurring value in a data set

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14. What is the difference between independent variable and dependent variable?

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Independent variable: data that is controlled and manipulated, Dependent variable: the data that is altered as a result of the independent variable. The measured variable.

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15. What is the difference between Primary and Secondary sources?

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Primary source: document or record containing first-hand information or original data on a topic, Secondary source: a document, analysis, etc., that is derived from a primary source

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16. What are some examples of Primary and Secondary sources?

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Primary: interview, diaries, Secondary: textbooks, review articles

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17. What approach does anthropology take on Health Care?

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Firstly, they focus on small domestic-scale cultures that are isolated from the rest of the world. Secondly, they look at industrialized societies at the connections between rich/poor, social segregation, and stress increase with increasing morbidity and disease. The two cultures typically have opposite health issues.

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18. What two areas does Psychologist focus on in Health Care?

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Clinical practice and research

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19. What do Sociologists focus on in Health Care?

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Sociologists study the effect that social structures, allocation of resources, and social practices have on human health.

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20. Who is responsible for Canadian medicare system?

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Tommy Dougas

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21. Why did Tommy Douglas believe that a government sponsored health care system was the way for Canada to go?

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It was the most affordable for all Canadians. Private health care couldn’t present the same protection and accessibility

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22. What are the governing principles of Canada’s Health Act?

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Public Administration (not for profit), Comprehensiveness(all necessary procedures can be provided), Universality (everyone is insured with the same coverage), Accessibility (can't be impeded by any barriers), Portability (available to all Canadians when they move within or out of the country)

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23. What are the barriers to health care in Canada?

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Ethnic minorities have difficulties explaining their health issues to professionals, many aboriginals in reserves have inadequate health care, people in poverty generally don’t lead healthy lifestyles, and the disabled have difficulty physically accessing health care sometimes and receive challenging attitudes from staff

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24. What is one solution to the current health care situation?

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Allow some privatization of the health care system

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25. What is the definition of Progress?

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To move towards a more developed state or destination. There are drawbacks to all progress, some think change is negative, making it a fickle definition

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26. What are the possible long term effects of eating "Frankenfoods"? Is it progress, some ask, to preserve life at all costs?

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Unfortunately, we don’t really know what their longterm effects are because the companies who produce the foods ban tests that aren’t carefully screened by them first. In tests on animals, there were frightening side effects like altered metabolism, kidney/liver malfunction, and decreased fertility. Theres even the possibility that they’ll create new allergens completely. We might be preserving life on earth now, but the side effects from saving lives today might kill those of tomorrow.

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27. What is Technological Determinism?

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The theory that change begins with technology itself not individuals. The technology takes on a life of its own once it’s been produced

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28. How has technology lead to stress?

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1: Overdependence on technology, 2: the internet has allowed things like pornography and hate propaganda to flourish (a source for negative activity), 3: and our attempts or inability to keep up with technology. We have become impatient. We are used to getting answers within seconds from our computers.

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29. How do individuals and societies cope with the stresses caused by technology and change?

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sociologist William Ogburn devised the theory of cultural lag to explain how societies and individuals dealt with technological advances and the changes they bring. He suggested that there were three stages to acceptance of new technology. These stages are invention (the technology is created), discovery (people discover the new technology), and diffusion (the spread and acceptance of the new technology).

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30. What is the population health approach?

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The population health approach identifies determinants of health behaviours such as social, economic and political factors; psychological, genetic, and biological factors; gender; personal health practices; community resources; and the physical environment. It also states that it is the interaction between these determinants that impacts the health of individuals and communities. Finally, the population health approach dictates that a broad range of individual, social, and environmental factors should be considered in defining the health status of a population and in developing programming and policies to improve health.

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31. How can statistics be useful?

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Stats are an interpretation of the data collected. Raw data is hard to analyze from a reader’s perspective, so the statistics help summarize the information. Unfortunately, they’re only as reliable as the people who interpret and report them

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32. What is the World System theory? Who invented this theory?

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Immanuel Wallerstein made the theory that there is no “third world”, it’s all one world. This one world functions in networks of economic relationships where some countries are benefited and exploit others.

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33. Who was first responsible for Critical Theory of Social Change?

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Max Horkheimer

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34. What is Behaviour Modifaction?

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A theory and technique used by psychologists to modify people’s behaviour through positive and negative reinforcement

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35. What is the psychology theory of Self-Actualization?

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The hierarchy of human needs. The final stage can only be achieved once all the other stages’ needs have been met. Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization

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36. Define Diffusion, Acculturation, and Cultural Evolution

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Diffusion: When a society adopts a trait from another either spontaneously from close contact or, less frequently, from being conquered by another society. Acculturation: two or more cultures merge to form a new, distinct culture. Cultural Evolution: self-explanatory

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37. What is a developing nation?

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Characterized as a nation with lower income, life expectation, and education.

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38. Healthcare in Canada is supposed to be available to everyone. But in your opinion, does it make ethical sense to treat people who refuse to stop hurting themselves?

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Everyone has their vices. Some people’s addictions manifest themselves physically almost instantly or obviously, like drugs, cigarettes, or alcohol. But other people might have more insidious addictions like food. Are you not going to treat the man with a heart attack because he refused to stop putting extra mayo and bacon on his BLTs every morning? No. What about the workaholic whose constant stress triggered a brain aneurism. Not all drug addicts or alcoholics will develop illnesses from their addictions, but it’s much more likely. But the chance of anyone to become sick for anything is inevitable. We are all mortal, thus we all deserve health care.

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39. What are the principles of Bioethics?

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Bioethics, which deals with ethical issues in health care, is organized around four main principles: Autonomy – one should respect the right of individuals to make their own decisions Nonmaleficence – one should avoid causing harm Beneficence – one should take positive steps to help others Justice – benefits and risks

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40. Define Stereotypes, Discrimination and Prejudice

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Stereotype: an over-simplified generalization about a group of people regardless of individual differences Discrimination: unfair treatment based on someone’s race, gender, religion, sexuality, etc. Prejudice: a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

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41. What is direct discrimination and systematic discrimination?

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Direct discrimination is treating someone differently because of any of the above list^^. It can affect one person or a group and it can be a policy or a behaviour. Meant to bring about inequitable treatment. Systematic discrimination: when an organizations rules or culture cause people to be treated differently. “Are any organizational policies or practices that create, or continue, inequitable treatment of certain groups “

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42. Who developed The Authoritarian Personality Theory? What is it?

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Theodor Adorno developed the authoritarian personality theory which states that people who were raised in an excessively harsh moral upbringing that they would have obedient attitudes towards authority, socially conservative, and express this loyalty through hostility towards minorities or other non-dominant groups.

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43. What is The Social Dominance Theory?

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Oppressive hierarchies are apparent in all societies

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44. In 1954, Gordon Allport developed a scale to measure prejudice and discrimination. This is referred to as Allport's Scale of Prejudice and Discrimination. Describe each part of the Scale.

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Always Doubt Puppy Extermination Antilocution - includes verbal prejudice, things like jokes or hate speech., Avoidance - is when members of one group are ostracized by member of another., Discrimination - is when the majority group is activily trying to harm the minority group via discrimination (denial of education and jobs). Here prejudice has been put into action., Physical Attack - physical harm, including vandalism and violence, is carried out against the minority group. Physical harm is intended., Extermination - The majority group attempts the extermination of the minority group.

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45. What is CHRC?

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Canadian Human rights Commission. Ensures all employers provide equal opportunities for employees.

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46. What is the effect of Diversity on Canadian society as a whole?

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Gives us tolerance and understanding for other cultures that’s lacking in other nations. World leaders for peacekeeping and negotiating skills. We accept and encourage diversity in other areas, which has extended to sexual orientation, gender, and a range of abilities and ages.

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47. What is the relationship between diversity and globalization?

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Globalization: the act of globalizing, or extending to other or all parts of the world: the globalization of manufacturing. Diversity: A range of different things (aka race, gender, blah blah blah) Some social scientist believe that globalization degrades the quality and diversity of world culture. Other say that economic globalization enhances culture in underdeveloped nations by bringing them wealth.

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48. What is Poverty?

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Is defined as the conditions individuals or groups are being denied the essentials for a minimum-standard of well-being. The World Bank defines extreme poverty as a daily income of less than $1 US/day and moderate poverty as less than $2 US/day

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49. What are the causes of Poverty?

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discrimination, circular effect of drug abuse, poor living conditions, low education, violence, and criminality that can perpetuate poverty.

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50. What is the Dual Digital Divide? What changes can occur that would help reduce the divide?

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The divide between people who do and don’t have access to the internet. If non-users can get access, then they have the opportunity to not fall behind the rest of the world, and potentially escape their poverty.

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51. Who has been identified in Canada as marginalized groups?

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Aboriginal Canadians, members of certain minority groups, particularly visible minorities, and recent immigrants who speak neither English nor French. Poverty is usually the common element.

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52. What are different types of Hate Crimes?

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Vandalism/Mischief 29%, Assault 25%, Uttering Threats 20%, Hate Propaganda 13%

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54. List the characteristics that Social scientists have defined as Hate Crimes

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Victims of hate crimes tend to be attacked by people they do not know (unlike other violent crimes where victims are often attacked by people they know - spouses, parents, friends, neighbours)., Hate crimes are more likely than other crimes to be intensely personal and excessively brutal., In most property crimes, something of value is taken. In hate crimes involving property, the property is more frequently damaged or destroyed., Perpetrators of hate crimes do not usually have criminal histories., Unlike many other criminals, perpetrators of hate crimes will expend great expense and time to search out their victims in unfamiliar areas.

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55. What does psychologist Eric Fromm identify as two types of Hate?

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Rational: when someone threatens their freedom, lives, or values. Derived from having their fundamental rights violated., Character-conditioned: matter of convenience. They need something to hate, and they pick a convenient victim and think of a reason to justify it.