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296 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acetabulum
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Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvic bone where the femur (thigh bone) joins the pelvis, forming the hip joint.
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acromion
|
Outward extension of the shoulder bone forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.
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articular cartilage
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Thin layer of cartilage occurring at the ends of long bones and covering any part of bone that comes together with another bone to form a joint.
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calcium
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One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.
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cancellous bone
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Spongy, porous, trabecular bone.
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cartiliginous tissue (cartilage)
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Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found on joint surfaces throughout life and in the immature skeleton at the epiphyseal growth plate.
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collagen
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Dense connective tissue strands found in bone.
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compact bone
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Hard, dense bone tissue.
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condyle
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Knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint.
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cranial bones
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skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.
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diaphysis
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Shaft, or midportion, of a long bone.
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epiphyseal plate
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Cartiliginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place.
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epiphysis
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Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate.
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facial bones
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lacrimal, mandible, maxillae, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic bones.
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fontanelle
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Soft spot (incomplete formation) between the skull bones of an infant.
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foramen
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Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels, nerves, or both enter and leave. The foramen magnum is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
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fossa
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Shallow cavity in a bone.
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haversian canals
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Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.
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malleolus
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Round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia.
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mastoid process
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Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.
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medullary cavity
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Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.
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metaphysis
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The flared portion of a long bone, lying between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (meta- means between).
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olecranon
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Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.
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osseous tissue
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Bone tissue.
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ossification
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Process of bone formation.
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osteoblast
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bone cell that helps form bone tissue.
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osteoclast
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Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue.
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periosteum
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Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.
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phosphorus
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mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.
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pubic symphysis
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Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones. They are joined (sym- means together, -physis means to grow)by a fibrocartilaginous disc.
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red bone marrow
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Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis.
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ribs
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These 24 elongated, curved bones form the bony wall of the chest. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8-10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.
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sinus
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Cavity within a bone.
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styloid process
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Pole-like process on the temporal bone.
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trabeculae
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Supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone.
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trochanter
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Large process below the neck of the femur; attachment site for muscles and tendons.
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tubercle
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Small, rounded process on a bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons.
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tuberosity
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Large, rounded process on a bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons.
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vertebra
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individual back bone composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, lamina, and neural canal.
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xiphoid process
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Lower, narrow portion of the sternum.
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yellow bone marrow
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Fatty tissue found in the diaphyses of long bones.
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calc/o
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calcium
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calci/o
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calcium
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kyph/o
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humpback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)
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lamin/o
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lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
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lord/o
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curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
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lumb/o
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loins, lower back
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myel/o
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bone marrow
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orth/o
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straight
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oste/o
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bone
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scoli/o
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crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
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spondyl/o
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vertebra (used to make words about conditions of the structure)
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vertebr/o
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vertebra (used to describe the structure)
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-blast
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embryonic or immature cell
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-clast
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to break
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-listhesis
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slipping
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-malacia
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softening
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-physis
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to grow
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-porosis
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pore, passage
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-tome
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instrument to cut
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acetabul/o
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acetabulum (hip socket)
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calcane/o
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calcaneus (heel bone)
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carp/o
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carpals (wrist bones)
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clavicul/o
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calvicle (collar bone)
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cost/o
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ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)
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crani/o
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cranium (skull)
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femor/o
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femur (thigh bone)
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fibul/o
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fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
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humer/o
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humerus (upper arm bone)
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ili/o
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ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)
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isch/o
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ischium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)
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mandibul/o
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mandible (lower jaw bone)
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maxill/o
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maxilla (upper jaw bone)
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metacarp/o
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metacarpals (hand bones)
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metatars/o
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metatarsals (foot bones)
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olecran/o
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olecranon (elbow)
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patell/o
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patella (kneecap)
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pelv/i
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pelvis (hip bone)
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perone/o
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fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
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phalang/o
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phalanges (finger bones)
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pub/o
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pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
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radi/o
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radius (lower arm bone - thumb side)
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scapul/o
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scapula (shoulder bone)
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stern/o
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sternum (breast bone)
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tars/o
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tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)
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tibi/o
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tibia (shin bone)
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uln/o
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ulna (lower arm bone - little finger side)
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Ewing sarcoma
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Malignant bone tumor.
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exostosis
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Bony growth arising from the surface of bone, such as osteochondromas and bunions.
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bunion
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A swelling of the metatarsophalangeal joint near the base of the big toe and is accompanied by the build-up of soft tissue and underlying bone.
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Colles fracture
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occurs near the wrist joint at the lower end of the radius.
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comminuted fracture
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bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces. A simple fracture means that a bone breaks in only one place and is therefore not comminuted.
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compression fracture
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bone is compressed; often occurs in vertebrae.
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impacted fracture
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fracture in which one fragment is driven firmly into the other.
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osteogenic sarcoma
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Malignant tumor arising from bone (osteosarcoma). This is the most common type of malignant bone tumor.
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osteomalacia
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Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone.
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osteomyelitis
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Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection.
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osteoporosis
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Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone.
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talipes
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Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus). Ex: talipes equinovarus, or clubfoot. In this congenital deformity, the patient cannot stand with the sole of the foot flat on the ground.
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articulation
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joint
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bursa (plural: bursae)
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Sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another.
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ligament
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Connective tissue binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint.
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suture joint
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Type of joint in which apposed surfaces are closely united.
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synovial cavity
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Space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane.
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synovial fluid
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Viscous (sticky) fluid within the synovial cavity.
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synovial joint
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A freely movable joint.
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synovial membrane
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Membrane lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid.
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tendon
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Connective tissue that binds muscles to bones.
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ankyl/o
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crooked, bent, stiff
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arthr/o
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joint
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articul/o
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joint
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burs/o
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bursa
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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ligament/o
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ligament
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rheumat/o
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watery flow
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synov/o
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synovial membrane
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ten/o
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tendon
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tendin/o
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tendon
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-desis
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to bind, tie together
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-stenosis
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narrowing
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arthritis
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inflammation of joints.
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ankylosing spondylitis
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Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine.
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gouty arthritis
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Inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body.
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osteoarthritis
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Progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes or bone spurs) at articular surfaces.
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rheumatoid arthritis
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A chronic disease in which joints become inflamed and painful. It is believed to be caused by an immune (autoimmune) reaction against joint tissues, particularly against the synovial membrane.
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
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Compression (by a wrist ligament) of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist (the carpal tunnel).
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dislocation
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Displacement of a bone from its joint.
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ganglion
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A fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist.
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Lyme disease
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A recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, malaise, and neurologic and cardiac symptoms.
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sprain
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Trauma to a joint with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments.
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systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE)
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Chronic inflammatory disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart, and lungs.
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abduction
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Movement away from the midline of the body.
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adduction
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Movement toward the midline of the body.
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dorsiflexion
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Backward (upward) bending of the foot.
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extension
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Straightening of a flexed limb.
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fascia
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Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles.
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flexion
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Bending
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plantar flexion
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Bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground.
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pronation
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Turning the palm backward.
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rotation
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Circular movement around a central point.
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skeletal muscle
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Muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle.
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smooth muscle
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Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or visceral muscle.
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striated muscle
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skeletal muscle
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supination
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Turning the palm forward.
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visceral muscle
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smooth muscle
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fasci/o
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fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
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fibr/o
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fibrous connective tissue
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leiomy/o
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smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs.
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my/o
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muscle
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myocardi/o
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heart muscle
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myos/o
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muscle
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plant/o
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sole of the foot
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rhabdomy/o
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skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones.
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-asthenia
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lack of strength
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-trophy
|
development, nourishment
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ab-
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away from
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duct/o
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to lead
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ad-
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toward
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dorsi-
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back
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poly-
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many, much
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muscular dystrophy
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A group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system.
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polymyositis
|
Chronic inflammatory myopathy.
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anitnuclear antibody test (ANA)
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A sample of plasma is tested for the presence of antibodies that are found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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This test measures the rate at which erythrocytes fall to the bottom of a test tube. Elevated sedimentation rates are associated with inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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rheumatoid factor test
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A sample of blood is tested for the presence of the rheumatoid factor (an antibody found in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis).
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serum calcium (Ca)
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Measurement of the amount of calcium in blood (serum).
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serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
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Creatine phosphokinase is an enzyme normally present in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Elevated serum CPK levels are found in muscular dystrophy, myocardial infarction, and skeletal muscle disorders.
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serum phosphorus (P)
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Measurement of the amount of phosphorus in a sample of serum.
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uric acid test
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This test measures the amount of uric acid in a sample of blood. High values are associated with gouty arthritis.
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arthrocentesis
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Surgical puncture of the joint space with a needle. Synovial fluid is removed for analysis.
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arthrography
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Process of taking x-ray pictures of a joint after injection of opaque contrast material.
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arthroplasty
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Surgical repair of a joint.
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arthroscopy
|
Visual examination of the inside of a joint with an endoscope. Small surgical instruments are passed into the joint to remove and repair damaged tissue. Arthroscopy is used primarily to visualize the knee, ankle, and shoulder.
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bone scan
|
A radioactive phosphate substance is injected intravenously, and uptake of the substance in bone is measured by a special scanning device. Areas that take up excessive amounts of radioactive substance may contain tumors, infection, inflammation, stress fractures or other destructive changes.
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electromyography (EMG)
|
The process of recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation.
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muscle biopsy
|
removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination.
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calcaneal
596 |
pertaining to calcaneus
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calcaneus
596 |
tarsal (hindfoot) bones
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carpals
596 |
pertaining to the carpals
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cervical vertebrae
586 |
first seven bones of the vertebrae
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chondrocostal
597 |
pertaining to the rib cartilage
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clavicle
596 |
pertaining to the above the clavicles
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coccyx
587 |
the tailbone
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craniotome
597 |
instrument to cut the cranium
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craniotomy
597 |
process of cutting the cranium
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decalcification
594 |
process of making less calcium
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ethmoid bone 583
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thin bone that extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull
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femoral 597
|
pertaining to the femur
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femur 597
|
thigh bone
|
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fibula 597
|
smaller lower leg bone
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fibular 597
|
pertaining to the fibula
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fissure 592
|
narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones
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frontal bone 582
|
forms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes
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humeral 597
|
pertaining to the humerous
|
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humerus 597
|
upper arm bone
|
|
hypercalcemia
594 |
blood condition of excessive calcium
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illiac 597
|
upper part of the pelvic bone
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ischial 597
|
pertaining to the ischium
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ischium 597
|
posterior part of the pelvic bone
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kyphosis 594
|
condition of humpback
|
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lacrimal bones 584
|
the two small thin bones located at the corner of each eye
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lamina 594
|
part of the vertebral arch
|
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laminectomy 594
|
removal of the lamina
|
|
lordosis 594
|
condition of curve
|
|
lumbar vertebrae
587 |
third set of vertebral bones
|
|
lumbosacral 595
|
pertaining to the lower back and sacral
|
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malleolar
597 |
pertaining to the malleolus
|
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mandible
597 |
lower jaw bone
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manubrium 593
|
upper portion of the sternum
|
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metecarpectomy 597
|
removal of the metacarpals
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metacarpals 589
|
hand bones
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metatarsalgia 597
|
pertaining to the metatarsals
|
|
metatarsals 591
|
foot bones
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myelopoiesis 595
|
formation of bone marrow
|
|
nasal bones 584
|
two slender bones that support the bridge of the nose
|
|
occipital bone 583
|
forms the back and bass of the skull and joins the parietal and temporal bones
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olecranon 589
|
elbow bone
|
|
orthopedics 595
|
pertaining to straight child
|
|
osteitis 595
|
inflammation of the bone
|
|
osteodystrophy 595
|
abnormal development of the bone
|
|
osteogenesis imperfeta 5959
|
genetic disorder involving defective development of bones that are brittle and fragile
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osteotome 596
|
instrument to cut bones
|
|
parietal bone 582
|
the two bones that forms the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium
|
|
patella 591
|
the kneecap
|
|
pelvimetry 597
|
measurement of the pelvis
|
|
periosteum 593
|
membrane surround bones
|
|
peroneal 597
|
pertaining to the fibula
|
|
phalangeal 597
|
pertaining to the phalanges
|
|
phalanges 590
|
finger bones/or toe bones
|
|
pubis 590
|
anterior part of the pelvic bone
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|
radial 598
|
pertaining to the radius
|
|
radius 589
|
lateral lower arm bone
|
|
reduction 599
|
restoration of the bone to its normal position
|
|
sacral vertebrae 587
|
five separate bones that fuse in a young child
|
|
scapula 598
|
shoulder blade
|
|
scapular 598
|
pertaining to the scapula
|
|
scoliosis 595
|
crooked condition
|
|
sella turcica 598
|
a depression in the sphenoid bone, containing the pituitary gland.
|
|
sphenoid bone 583
|
the bat-shaped bone that extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull
|
|
spondylolisthesis 596
|
slipping vertebrae
|
|
spondylosis 596
|
condition of vertebrae
|
|
sternum 598
|
breast bone
|
|
subcostal 597
|
pertaining to below the ribs
|
|
supraclavicular 596
|
pertaining to above the clavicles
|
|
suture 593
|
immovable joint between bones, such as the skull
|
|
tarsal 598
|
bones of the hind foot
|
|
tarsectomy
598 |
resection of the tarsals
|
|
temporal bone 583
|
the two bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium
|
|
temporomandibular joint 593
|
connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw r
|
|
thoracic vertebrae 586
|
the second set of 12 vertebrae
|
|
tibia 598
|
shin bone
|
|
tibial 598
|
pertaining to the tibia
|
|
ulna 589
|
the forearm
|
|
ulnar 598
|
pertaining to the ulna
|
|
vertebroplasty 596
|
surgical repair of the vertebrae
|
|
vomer 584
|
the thin, single, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum
|
|
zygomatic bones 584
|
two bones, one on each side of the face, that form the high portion of the cheek
|
|
achondroplasia 604
|
no development of cartilage
|
|
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 615
|
condition where muscles are affected by degeneration of nerves in the spinal cord and lower region of the brain
|
|
ankylosis 606
|
chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine
|
|
arthrodesis 605
|
to bind the joints
|
|
arthrotomy 604
|
process of cutting the joint
|
|
articular cartilage 603
|
smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint
|
|
atrophy 615
|
no development
|
|
bursitis 604
|
inflammation of bursa
|
|
chondroma 604
|
mass of cartilage
|
|
chondromalacia 604
|
softening of the cartilage
|
|
fasciectomy 614
|
removal of the fascia
|
|
fibromyalgia 614
|
pain of the fibrous muscle connective tissue
|
|
hemathrosis 604
|
condition of blood in the joints
|
|
hydrathrosis 604
|
condition of fluid in the joints
|
|
hypertrophy 615
|
excessive delevopment
|
|
hyperuricemia 606
|
accumulation of blood in the joints
|
|
leiomyoma 615
|
tumor of the smooth muscle
|
|
leimyosarcoma 615
|
malignant tumor of the smooth muscle of the sacral
|
|
ligamentous 605
|
pertaining to ligament
|
|
myalgia 615
|
muscle pain
|
|
myopathy 615
|
disease of the muscle
|
|
myositis 615
|
inflammation of the muscle
|
|
podagra 606
|
pain in the foot
|
|
polyarthritis 604
|
inflammation of many joints
|
|
polymyalgia 615
|
pain of many muscles
|
|
pyrexia 606
|
fever
|
|
rhabdomyosarcoma 615
|
tumor of the skeletal muscle of the sacral
|
|
rheumatologist 605
|
one who specializes in the study watery flow
|
|
sarcopenia 615
|
deficiency of muscle and flesh
|
|
sprain 609
|
trauma to a joint without rupture
|
|
subluxation 608
|
partial or incomplete dislocation
|
|
synovitis 605
|
inflammation of synovial membrane
|
|
tendinitis 605
|
inflammation of tendon
|
|
tenorrhaphy 605
|
tendon suture
|
|
tenosynovitis 605
|
inflammation of the tendon sheath
|
|
bone density test 618
|
low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis , and wrist is used to measure bone mass
|
|
computed tomography 619
|
x-ray beam and computer provide cross-sectional and other images
|
|
diskography 619
|
x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus
|
|
magnetic resonance imagining 619
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a magnetic field creates images of soft tissue
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