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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
maintaining body weight in a healthy range by preventing gradual weight gain over time and losing weight if overweight
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weight management
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the appearance of a disease or condition that attacks man people at the same time in the same region
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epidemic
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the point at which controls are set
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set point
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obesity due to an increase in the number of fat cells
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hyperplastic obesity
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obesity due to an increase in the size of fat cells
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hypertrophic obesity
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a protein produced by fat cells under direction of the ob gene that decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure
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leptin
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a protein produced by the stomach cells that enhances appetite and decreases energy expenditure
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ghrelin
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masses of specialized fat cells packed with pigmented mitochondria that produce heat instead of ATP
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brown adipose tissue
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all the genetic information of a population at a given time
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gene pool
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popular eating plans that promise quick weight loss
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fad diets
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a neutrotransmitter important in sleep regulation, appetite control, and sensory perception, among other roles
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serotonin
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synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan with the help of vitamin b6
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serotonin
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supposedly a lumpy form of fat
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cellulite
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fatty areas of the body may appear lumpy when the strands of connective tissue that attach the skin to underlying muscles pull tight where the fat is thick
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cellulite
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a BMI of 40 or grater or a BMI of 35 or grater with additional medical problems
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clinically severe obesity
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a drug used in the treatment of obesity that slows the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain, thus suppressing appetite and creating a feeling of fullness
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sibutramine
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a drug used in the treatment of obesity that inhibits the absorption of fat in the GI tract, thus limiting kcaloric intake
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orlistat
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the changing if behavior by the manipulation of antecedents, the behavior itself, and consequences
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behavior modificaiton
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achieving a weight loss of at least 10 percent of initial body weight and maintaining the loss for at least one year
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successful weight-loss maintenance
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when do fat cells number increase?
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in later childhood and growing puberty and in times of positive energy balance
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when do fat cells size increase?
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when energy intake exceeds expenditure.
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The adverse effects of fat in non-adipose tissue
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lipotoxicity
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what promotes fat storage?
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Lipoprotein lipase
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what is the leptin protein also called?
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the ob protein
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Protein that acts as a hormone to increase energy expenditure and decrease appetite
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leptin (ob) protein
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Produced by fat cells under the direction of the ob gene
May be deficient in obese individuals More research is needed what is this? |
leptin (ob) protein
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Protein that acts as a hormone to decrease energy expenditure and increase appetite
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Ghrelin
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Produced by stomach cells
Has an inverse relationship with PYY |
ghrelin
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stores fat to be used for energy.
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White adipose tissue
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stores fat to be used for heat.
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Brown adipose tissue
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Present and past eating influences current body weight.
Increased availability of convenient food, large portions, and energy-dense foods |
Overeating
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Modern technology replaces physical activities
important to allow people to eat enough food to get needed nutrients |
Physical Inactivity
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what are the factors of obesity?
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the extent of overweight, age, health status and genetic makeup.
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how are health risks evaluated?
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Health risks are evaluated using BMI, waist circumference and disease profiles
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what are the risk factors of obesity?
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Hypertension
Cigarette smoking High LDL Low HDL Impaired glucose tolerance Family history of heart disease Men ≥ 45 years, women ≥ 55 years |
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containing products inhibit serotonin and suppress the appetite
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Ephedrine
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suppresses the appetite and is most effective when used with a reduced kcalorie diet and increased physical activity. There are many side effects.
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Sibutramine
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blocks fat digestion and absorption. There are many side effects.
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Orlistat
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an option for those who have tried weight loss programs and failed, have a BMI ≥ 35, and are having health problems due to their weight.
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Surgery
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has short-term and long-term problems and requires compliance with dietary instructions.
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Gastric surgery
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a popular procedure that is primarily cosmetic but poses risk
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Liposuction
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what is best for permanent weight loss?
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A life-long eating plan for good health, which includes nutritionally adequate eating, reasonable expectations, regular physical activity, and permanent lifestyle changes
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how much weight should you lose for safe weight loss?
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1-2 pounds per week or 10% of body weight in a six month period
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what are the best foods to eat in a eating plan?
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lower energy density, that are high in fiber, high in water and low in fat
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why is water important?
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increase fullness and reduce hunger.
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why are complex carbohydrates important?
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offer abundant vitamins, minerals and fiber with little fat
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