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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
THEORIES OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION |
•AmineTheory •ReupTakeInhibition •DownregulationTheory •Cellular/MolecularTheory |
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AmineTheory |
•amine hypothesis proposed that people who suffered from depression did not have enough amines, particularly Norepinephrine (NE), in their synapses, and if you could increase the NE, then they would not be depressed •does not explain lag time in treatment response |
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ReupTakeInhibition |
•proposed that the transporter molecule attaches to the NE neurotransmitter and sends it back in the cell after it binds to receptors |
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DownregulationTheory |
•proposed that there are two mechanisms at work: increase to normal the level of neurotransmitter released into the synapse(reuptake inhibition), and downregulation of receptors to a normal level of responsiveness(to adapt to the increased levels of neurotransmitter) |
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Cellular/MolecularTheory: |
• meta-theory that encompasses and transcends all prior theories |
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TYPES OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS |
1)MAOInhibitors |
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MAOIs 1 |
•initiallyintroducedasamajortranquilizer |
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MAOIs 2 |
•mostdangeroussideeffectsoftraditionalMAOIsistyramineintolerance(liverdamage) |
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MAOIs |
•MAOIs are also used in the treatment of severe anxiety states and have positive effects on the eating behavior and mood of patients with bulimia and anorexia nervosa |
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Examples of MAOIs |
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Examples of Foods High in Tyramine Content to Avoid When Taking MAOIs |
•Cheeses (cream cheese, such as the common Philadelphia brand, and cottage cheese are safe) |
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Activating vs. Sedating Anti-Depressants |
•Antidepressants are prescribed depending on several factors: psychiatric symptomology, prior drug history, past experience with depression, state of routine physical activity |
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Activating vs. Sedating Anti-Depressants |
Activating: Prozac, Wellbutrin, and Zoloft Sedating: Paxil, Luvox, and Remeron |
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Common Side Effects of MAO Inhibitors |
•Orthostatic hypertension (a drop in blood pressure that results in dizziness on standing) |
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TricyclicAntidepressants |
•amongthemostextensivelystudieddrugonthemarket |
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TricyclicAntidepressants |
•amongthemostextensivelystudieddrugonthemarket |
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TricyclicAntidepressants |
•primarymechanismofactionsinallTCAsisinhibitionofthereuptaketransmitters,NorepinephrineandSerotonin |
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Example of Tricyclic Antidepressants and Common Dosage Ranges |
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Common TCA Side Effects |
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SelectiveSerotoninReuptakeInhibitors |
•ReferredtoasSecondGenerationAntidepressants |
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SelectiveSerotoninReuptakeInhibitors |
•primarymechanismofactionistheinhibitionofreuptakeofserotoninbackintotheneuron |
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Examples of SSRI Antidepressants and Common Daily Dosage Ranges |
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Common SSRI Side Effects |
Headache |
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Symptoms of Serotonin Withdrawal |
•Lethargy |
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AtypicalAntidepressants [Heterocyclics] |
Antidepressants |
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Current Third-Generation Antidepressants |
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Summary of Antidepressant Medication Use |
•The incidence of depression dramatically increases from adolescents to early adulthood |
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Summary of Antidepressant Medication Use 2 |
•Incorrect diagnosis the most common cause for non-response to anti-depressants. |
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Summary of Antidepressant Medication Use |
•Criteria for improvement with antidepressants: |
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SSRIs and SNRIs |
•SSRIs |
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Medication Protocol Consultation for Antidepressant Use |
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Treatment Considerations: Adolescents |
•FDA Approved for depression: |
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Managing Adverse Effects |
•Akathesia “too much coffee feeling” |
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Recommendations |
1.Start with easier medications first: fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram (Celeza), Sertraline (Zoloft). 3.0 response to several antidepressant medications could mean abuse of alcohol or other substances |