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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 blood vessels
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arteries, capillaries, veins
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arteries
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carry blood that is almost always high in oxygen (exception: pulmonary artery - carries blood that is low in oxygen) from the heart to tissues and organs
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3 kinds of arteries
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arterioles, aorta, coronary arteries
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arterioles
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little arteries
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aorta
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largest artery
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coronary arteries
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branch from the aorta and provides the myocardium with blood. Through the coronary arteries, is the only way the heart muscle can get blood/oxygen.
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Veins
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carry blood that is almost always low in oxygen (exception: pulmonary vein - carries blood that is high in oxygen) to the heart
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3 kinds of veins
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venules, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava
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venules
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little veins
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superior vena cava
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large vein that brings blood low in oxygen from the upper part of the body, to the heart
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inferior vena cava
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large vein that brings blood low in oxygen from the lower part of the body to the heart
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Capillaries
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join the arterial (arteries) system with the venous (veins) system
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The 3 layers (tissue) of the heart are:
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endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
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endocardium
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inner layer; as the textbook indicates, lines the four chambers of the heart and its valves and is continuous with the arteries and veins
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myocardium
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middle layer; muscular layer of the heart (heart muscle)
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epicardium
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outer layer
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atria chambers of heart (2)
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receive blood, upper chambers
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ventricules chambers of heart (2)
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pump blood
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septum
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divides right and left halves of heart
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tricuspid valve
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between right atrium and right ventricle
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pulmonary semilunar valve
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between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
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bicuspid/mitral valve
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between left atrium and left ventricle
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aortic semilunar valve
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between left ventricle and aorta
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SA (sinoatrial node)
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is our pacemaker. It is located in the right atrium and sets the pace for our heartbeat
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ECG/EKG - electrocardiogram
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is the record of the electricity of the heart
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Blood pressure
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is the amount of force the blood is putting on the walls of the arteries
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Systole
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the top number; largest number; when the most force is exerted by the blood against the arterial walls; when the blood is forced out of the heart; contraction phase
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Diastole
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Diastole the bottom number; smallest number; when the least force is exerted by the blood against the arterial walls; when the ventricles are filling with blood; relaxation phase
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atherosclerosis
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(hardening of plaque) - plaque builds up in the innermost layer of the artery causing the lumen (opening in the artery) to become smaller and a decreased amount of blood (therefore oxygen) from getting to the tissues.
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thrombosis
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blood clots, which totally block a vessel (occlusion)
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embolus
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thrombus that breaks loose and travels through the circulation system
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aneurysm
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bulge in the vessel wall, that could rupture
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Endarterectomy
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the removal of the innermost layer of the artery (especially in the carotid (neck) and femoral (leg) arteries; used to remove the fatty plaque build-up.
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Coronary artery disease
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any disease that keeps the coronary arteries from delivering enough blood to the heart muscle
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Ischemia
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the result of not enough oxygen getting to the heart muscle. The patient will have angina/angina pectoris (chest pain) and dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
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PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty), called balloon surgery, called angioplasty
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After the plaque is pushed against the side of the arterial wall, a stent (made usually of stainless steel) is sometimes placed in the artery to keep the plaque compressed.
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atherectomy
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similar concept as PTCA; rather than pushing the plaque to the side, a catheter removes the plaque
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Coronary bypass surgery
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a vein is removed from the leg and used to bypass the clogged artery.
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CABG means coronary artery bypass graft
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the vein removed from the leg
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MI (myocardial infarction)
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part of the heart dies (necrosis). The patient will have diaphoresis (excessive sweating), pallor (paleness), and dyspnea.
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Sinus rhythm
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normal rhythm
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arrhythmia
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without normal rhythm
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tachycardia
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too fast
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bradycardia
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too slow
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cardiac arrest
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heart stops - CPR will be used
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cardiomyopathy
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disease of heart muscle
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congestive) heart failure
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heart is unable to keep up with the work load
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fibrillation
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heart is actually fluttering - beating way too fast - defibrillators will be used to "shock" the heart back to normal rhythm
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cardiac catheterization
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diagnostic procedure to find clogged arteries. Catheter is put into the artery (through the leg)
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echocardiography/Echo
doppler |
Both use sound waves. Echo looks for problems with structure (i.e. valve); doppler looks at blood flow
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TEE - transesophageal echocardiography
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more invasive than Echo - a tube is put down the throat versus instrument rubbed on outside - shows better picture
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Holter monitor test
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portable ECG/EKG
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stress test - exercise (i.e. treadmill)
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to test how much stress the heart can stand during exercise. Thallium stress test provides a picture also.
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ASHD
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arteriosclerotic heart disease
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BP
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blood pressure
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CAD
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coronary artery disease
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CCU
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coronary care unit
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CPR
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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EKG/ECG
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electrocardiogram
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MI
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myocardial infarction
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MVP
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mitral valve prolapse
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PTCA
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percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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TMR
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transmyocardial revascularization -- blasting holes into the heart muscle with a laser (to get blood into the heart muscle
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EECP
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enhanced external counterpulsation - cuffs on the legs - blood is forced into the vessels in between beats of the heart, to increase blood flow/circulation
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Which medical term means an inflammation of a vein?
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phlebitis
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Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart from which blood vessel?
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superior and inferior vena cava
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The term for a blood clot formed within a blood vessel is:
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thrombus
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What condition of the heart causes a decrease in the outflow of blood from the left side of the heart?
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CHF
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What is the general medical term for hardening of the arteries?
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arteriosclerosis
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Which medication is used to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood stream?
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antilipidemic
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Another name for the mitral valve is
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bicuspid
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The coronary arteries supply blood to:
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myocardium
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The pacemaker of the heart is
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SA (sinoatrial) node
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Which vessel(s) bring the blood to the left atrium?
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pulmonary veins
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