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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What contributes to the diversity of organic molecules?
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Variation in Carbon Skeletons.
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What organic molecules consist only of carbon and hydrogen covalently bonded?
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Hydrocarbons
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What type of bonds do Hydrocarbons have?
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Covalent Bonds
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What is a compounds that has the same molecular formula but is not structurally the same, resulting in different properties?
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Isomer
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List the 3 types of Isomers.
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Structural Isomer
Geometric Isomer Enantiomers |
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What compound has the same molecular structure but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms, and also differ in the location of double bonds.
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Structural Isomer
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What compounds have the same molecular formula and covalent partnerships, but differ in their spatial arrangments?
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Geometric Isomer
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Draw an example of a Structural Isomer
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Structural Isomer
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Draw an example of a Geometric Isomer.
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See p.56 Geometric Isomer
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What kind of isomer is inflexible due to its double bonds?
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Geometric Isomer
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What compounds have the same molecular formula but are mirror images of each other.
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Enantiomer
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What contributes to the molecular diversity of life?
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Functional Groups
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These components of organic molecules are most commonly involved in chemical reactions.
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Functional Group
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What is the simplest organic molecule?
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Hydrocarbon
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Are functional groups hydrophobic or hydrophilic, and what does this mean?
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Hydrophilic - increases the solubility of organic compounds in water.
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List the 6 Functional Groups of organic compounds.
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Hydroxyl
Carbonyl Carboxyl Amino Sulfhydryl Phosphate |
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What group has a H atom bonded to an O atom, all bonded to the Carbon Skeleton of an organic molecule?
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Hydroxyl Group
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What group has a C atom joined to a O atom by a double bond?
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Carbonyl Group
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What group has an O atom double-bonded to a C atom that is also bonded to a Hydroxyl group?
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Carboxyl group
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What group has a N atom bonded to 2 H atoms and to the Carbon Skeleton of an organic molecule?
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Amino group
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What group has a S atom bonded to H atom, all bonded to the Carbon Skeleton of an organic molecule?
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Sulfhydryl group
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What group has an O atom of a phosphate ion bonded to the Carbon Skeleton of an organic molecule?
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Phosphate group
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What is the name of the organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups?
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Alcohols
Names usually end in -ol |
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What is the name of the organic compounds containing carbonyl groups?
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Aldehydes ans Ketones
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What is the simplest Ketone?
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Acetone
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What is the name of the organic compounds containing carboxyl groups?
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Carboxylic Acids or Organic Acids
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What is the name of the organic compounds containing amino groups?
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Amines
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What is the name of the organic compounds containing sulfhydryl groups?
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Thiols
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What is the name of the organic compounds containing phosphate groups?
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Organic Phosphates
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Draw Glycine
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See p.72 Glycine
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Define an Amino Acid by the functional groups it is composed of.
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Both Amino and Carboxyl Groups
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Does an amino group act as an acid or base?
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Base (accepts H proton)
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Does a carboxyl group act as an acid or base?
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Acid because O's high electronegativity H is donated.
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Draw a non-ionized Carboxyl group
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See p.56 for Non-Ionized Carboxyl Group
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Draw an Ionized Carboxyl group
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See p.58 for Ionized Carboxyl Group
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Draw a non-ionized Amino group
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See p.58 for Non-ionized Amino Group
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Draw an ionized Amino group
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See p.58 for Ionized Amino Group
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Draw a Ketone
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See p.58 for Ketone (Carbonyl Group)
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Draw an Aldehyde
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See p.58 Aldehyde (Carbonyl Group)
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What forms the skeletons of most organic molecules?
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Carbon chains
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Name a chain in organic molecules
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What are the most versatile building blocks of molecules?
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Carbon atoms
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What is the key to the chemical characteristics of an atom?
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Electron configuration
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What determines the kind and number of bonds an atom will form with other atoms?
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Electron configuration
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What is intersection of a molecule that branches off in up to 4 directions?
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Tetravalence
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What determines the function of a molecule?
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Shape
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What does each line in a structural formula represent?
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Covalent Bond - a pair of shared electrons
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What are the 4 variations in Carbon Skeletons?
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1. Length
2. Branching- branched/unbranched 3. Double Bonds-different locations 4. Rings |
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Define Organic Chemistry
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The study of carbon compounds
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What type of atom, other than C, do most organic compounds contain?
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Hydrogen
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