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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Distribution
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Movement of goods and services from producers to consumers.
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Marketing (distribution) Channel
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System of marketing institutions that enhances the pjusical flow of goods and services, along with ownership title, from producer to consumer or business user.
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Logistics
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Process of coordinating the flow of information, goods, and services among members of the distribution channel.
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Supply Chain Management
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Control of the activities of purchasing, processing, and delivery through which raw materials are transformed into products and made available to final consumers.
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Physical Distribution
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Broad range of activities aimed at efficient movement of finished goods from the end of the production line to the consumer.
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Marketing Intermediary (Middleman)
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Wholesaler or retailer that operates between producers and consumers or business users.
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Wholesaler
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Channel intermediary that takes title to the goods it handles and then distributes these goods to retailers, other distributors, or business or B2B customers.
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Direct Channel
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Marketing channel that moves goods directly from a producer to the business purchaser or ultimate user.
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Direct Selling
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Strategy designed to establish direct sales contact between producer and final user.
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Manufacturers' Representative
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Agent wholesaling intermediary that represents manufacturers of related but noncompeting products and receives a commission on each sale.
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Dual Distribution
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Network that moves products to a firm's target market through more than one marketing channel.
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Reserve Channel
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Channel designed to return goods to their producers.
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Intensive Distribution
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Distribution of a product though all available channels.
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Selective Distribution
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Distribution of a product through a limited number of channels.
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Exclusive Distribution
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Distribution of a product through a single wholesaler or retailer in a specific geographic region.
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Closed Sales Territory
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Exclusive geographic selling region of a distributor.
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Tying Agreement
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Arrangement that requires marketing intermediary to carry items other than those they want to sell.
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Channel Captain
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Dominant and controlling member of a marketing channel.
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Gray Goods
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Products manufactured abroad under license from a US firm and then sold in the US market in competition with that firm's own domestic output.
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Vertical Marketing System (VMS)
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Planned channel system designed to improve distribution efficiency and cost-effectiveness by integrating various functions throughout the distribution channel.
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Forward Integration
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Process through which a firm attempts to control downstream distribution.
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Backward Integration
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Process through which a manufacturer attempts to gain greater control over inputs in its production process, such as raw materials.
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Corporate Marketing System
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VMS in which a single owner operates the entire marketing channel.
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Administered Marketing System
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VMS that achieves channel coordination when a dominant channel member exercises its power.
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Contractual Marketing System
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VMS that coordinates channel activities through formal agreements among participants.
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Retail Cooperative
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Group of retailers that establish a shared wholesaling operation to help them compete with chains.
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Franchise
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Contractual arrangement in which a wholesaler or retailer agrees to meet the operating requirements of a manufacturer or other franchiser.
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Supply Chain
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Complete sequence of suppliers and activities that contribute to the creation and delivery of merchandise.
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Upstream Management
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Controlling part of the supply cain that involves raw materials, inbound logistics, and warehouse and storage facilities.
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Downstream Development
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Controlling part of the supply chain that involves finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service.
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Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
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Technology that uses a tiny chip with identification information that can be read by a scanner using radio waves from a distance.
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System
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Software that consolidates data from among a firm's carious business units.
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Third-Party (Contract) Logistics Firm
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Company that specializes in handling logistics activities for other firms.
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Suboptimization
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Condition that results when individual operations achieve their objectives but interfere with progress toward broader organizational goals.
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Common Carriers
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Businesses that provide transportation services as for-hire carriers to the general public.
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Contact Carriers
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For-hire transporters that do not offer their services to the general public.
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Private Carriers
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Transporters that provide service solely for internally generated freight.
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Intermodal Operations
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Combination of transport modes, such as rail and highway carriers (birdyback), and water and air carriers (fishyback), to improve customer services and achieve cost advantages.
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Materials Handling System
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Set of activities that move production inputs and other foods within factories, warehouses, and transportation terminals.
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Containerization
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Process of combining several unitized loads into a single, well-protected load for a shipment.
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