Ch. 12 Medical Terminology

Front 1

Neurons transmit:

Back 1

Impulses

Front 2

Sensory (Afferent) nerves)

Back 2

Transmit stimuli to the brain and spinal cord

Front 3

Motor neurons (efferent nerves)

Back 3

Transmit impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands

Front 4

Dendrites

Back 4

receive impulses and transmit them to the cell body

Front 5

The Myelin sheath:

Back 5

Reduces the possibility of an impulse stimulating adjacent nerves; it also accelerates impulse transmission

Front 6

The synapse is:

Back 6

A small space between neurons

Front 7

The nervous system is made up of the: (2)

Back 7

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

Front 8

The Central Nervous System is made up of the:

Back 8

Brain and spinal cord

Front 9

The peripheral nervous system is made up of

Back 9

the cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Front 10

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 10

Speeds up the system fight or flight

Front 11

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 11

Slows our body back down

Front 12

Cerebrum

Back 12

Largest part and is responsible for thought, judgment, and memory.

Front 13

Frontal lobe

Back 13

motor functions

Front 14

parietal

Back 14

receives and interprets nerve impulses from the sensory receptors

Front 15

occipital

Back 15

eyesight

Front 16

temporal

Back 16

senses of hearing or smell

Front 17

cerebellum

Back 17

coordination

Front 18

thalamus

Back 18

relays impulses from eyes, ears, skin to cerebrum, pain is also controlled here

Front 19

hypothalamus

Back 19

controls vital body functions (ie body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep-wake cycles, endocrine system, emotions)

Front 20

brain stem is made of the following three parts:

Back 20

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Front 21

Midbrain

Back 21

connects the brain with the spinal cord

Front 22

pons

Back 22

bridge; connect cerebellum to rest of the brain

Front 23

medulla oblongata

Back 23

controls the basic vital functions of life (ie respiration, heart rate, blood pressure)

Front 24

Meninges

Back 24

covering/protection for the spinal cord and brain

Front 25

The three layers of the meninges are:

Back 25

dura mater- outermost layer
arachnoid layer- middle layer
pia mater- innermost

Front 26

Ventricles:

Back 26

Spaces/canals for the cerebrospinal fluid to flow around the spinal cord and brain

Front 27

asthenia

Back 27

weakness

Front 28

ataxia

Back 28

without coordination

Front 29

aura

Back 29

preminition/feeling/signs something is going to happen

Front 30

autism

Back 30

child is in their "own world" - do not respond well to the outside

Front 31

cerebral palsy

Back 31

brain injury at birth

Front 32

coma

Back 32

deep unconsciousness

Front 33

concussion

Back 33

blow to the head

Front 34

dementia

Back 34

memory loss, do not think well (cognitive thinking is impaired)

Front 35

herpes zoster

Back 35

shingles

Front 36

varicella zoster

Back 36

chicken pox

Front 37

Huntington's Chorea

Back 37

hereditary; mental functions are affected, along with physical movement

Front 38

hydrocephalus

Back 38

excess amount of fluid in the ventricles

Front 39

lethargy

Back 39

do not respond well to commands

Front 40

Reye's syndrome

Back 40

group of symptoms, brain disease being one; in children

Front 41

sciatica

Back 41

sciatic nerve is inflamed or pinched- resulting in pain in the back, down the leg

Front 42

syncope

Back 42

fainting

Front 43

Bell's palsy

Back 43

facial paralysis

Front 44

CVA (stroke)

Back 44

caused by blood clot, embolus, or hemorrhage, resulting in decreased or no blood supply to the brain

Front 45

TIA

Back 45

minor stroke

Front 46

epilepsies

Back 46

chronic or recurring seizure disorders

Grand Mal seizures are more severe than petite mal seizures

Front 47

Convulsions

Back 47

spastic, involuntary muscle contractions

Front 48

Parkinson's Disease

Back 48

progressive neurological disorder affecting the part of the brain responsible for controlling movement; Symptoms are tremors and shuffling gait (walk)

Front 49

Multiple Sclerosis

Back 49

Progressive degenerative disease of the CNS, resulting in loss of myelin (demyelination). This causes the transmission of electrical impulses from one neuron to another to basically "short circuit"

Front 50

Alzheimer's disease

Back 50

memory loss and serious mental deterioration.

Front 51

CNS

Back 51

Central Nervous System

Front 52

CP

Back 52

Cerebral Palsy

Front 53

CSF

Back 53

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Front 54

CVA

Back 54

Cerebrovascular Accident

Front 55

EEG

Back 55

Electroencephalogram

Front 56

LP

Back 56

Lumbar Puncture

Front 57

MS

Back 57

Multiple Sclerosis

Front 58

TIA

Back 58

Transient Ischemic Attack

Front 59

ALS

Back 59

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis- Lou Gehrig's Disease

Front 60

Reflex

Back 60

Automatic, involuntary response to some change inside or outside of the body

Front 61

-plegia

Back 61

paralysis/stroke

Front 62

-paresis

Back 62

partial paralysis, not as severe as -plegia, more like a weakness, rather than paralysis

Front 63

hemiplegia

Back 63

paralysis of half- term you see as a result of a cva

Front 64

paraplegia and quadriplegia are usually the results of:

Back 64

accidents

Front 65

paraplegia

Back 65

paralysis of both legs; paralyzed from the waist down

Front 66

Quadriplegia

Back 66

paralysis of four(all four extremities) paralyzed from the neck down

Front 67

Difference between quadriplegia and paraplegia is:

Back 67

Where the spinal cord is severed
Quadriplegics usually have cervical/neck damage; where as paraplegics usually have lower damage like in the lumbar area