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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CNS function is mostly...
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Integration and command
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PNS function is mostly...
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Communication
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What are the special characteristics of neurons?
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1. Conduction
2. Longevity 3. Not able to divide 4. High metabolic rate |
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The axon hillock...
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...decides if there is an action potential or not. It is part of the soma, not axon.
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Multipolar nuerons
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Most common, mostly found in body (typical neuron picture).
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Bipolar neurons
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Rare. Special sensory organs like nose and eyes (cell body in the middle).
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Unipolar neurons
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Found in ganglia in the PNS (sensory!). Little blob sticking up. One branch is peripheral process (going to receptors) and the other is central process (going to CNS).
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Reflex arc order
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1. Receptor
2. Sensory neuron 3. Integration center 4. Motor neuron 5. Effector |
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Monosynaptic reflex
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No interneuron, one synapse.
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Polysynaptic reflex
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Multiple interneurons, multiple synpases
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CNS neuroglia (support cells)
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Astrocytes, microglial, ependymal, oligodendrocytes
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PNS neuroglia (support cells)
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Schwann cells, satellite cells
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Astrocytes
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Most abundant, have many functions like blood brain barrier, maintain pH, regulate NTs, ect.
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Microglial
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Macrophages, least abundant, phagocytose invaders, derived from monocytes.
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Ependymal cells
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Line cavities where there is CSF, cilia helps circulate the fluid.
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Satellite cells
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Cover neuronal soma (cell bodies) in the PNS.
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Schwann cells
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Surround all axons in the PNS and form the myelin sheath.
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Oligodendrocytes
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Forms myelin sheaths around axons, reaches out to multiple
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Neurilemma
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Outer, nucleated, cytoplasmic layer of the Schwann cell, pushed to the outside when myelin rolls up.
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Function of neurilemma
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Forms a regeneration tube which acts as a tunnel that connects one end of a damaged axon to the other. Only in the PNS!
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Ganglion
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Cluster of soma in the PNS
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Nucleus
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Cluster of soma in the CNS
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Nerve
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Cluster of axons in the PNS
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Tract
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Cluster of axons in the CNS
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Endoneurium
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CT covering the neurilemma (myelin sheath and axon)
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Perineurium
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CT surrounding the fascicles
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Epineurium
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CT surrounding an entire nerve
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Before an action potential there is more __ in the cell than ___.
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Na, K.
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