Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The function of the nervous system is to
|
communicate
|
|
The nervous system consists of the
|
brain, spinal chord, and nerves
|
|
The nervous system is organized to detect changes in
|
internal and external environments
|
|
The nervous system evaluates ____ and initiates a ____
|
information, response
|
|
Nervous system is subdivided into 2 smaller systems, what are they?
|
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
|
|
The central nervous system consists of the ___ and ___
|
brain, spinal chord
|
|
Which nervous system is the structural and functional center of the entire nervous system?
|
Central
|
|
Which sub-nervous system integrates information and initiates a response?
|
Central
|
|
Afferent division consists of all ___ sensory pathways
|
incoming
|
|
Efferent division consists of all ___ motor pathways
|
outgoing
|
|
Efferent division of the autonomic nervous system carries info to the ___ effectors
|
visceral
|
|
What division prepares the body to deal with immediate threats to the internal environment?
|
Sympathetic division
|
|
What division coordinates the body's normal resting activities?
|
Parasympathetic division
|
|
Parasympathetic division is sometimes called the
|
rest-and-repair division
|
|
Visceral sensory division carries _____ to autonomic integrating centers in the CNS
|
feedback information
|
|
What do glia cells support?
|
Neurons
|
|
What are the 5 types of glia cells?
|
Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oliogodendrocytes, and schwann
|
|
Which glia cell: star-shaped, largest and most numerous type of glia
|
astrocytes
|
|
Which glia cell: Found only in peripheral neurons
|
schwann
|
|
Which glia cell: Small, usually stationary cells. In inflamed brain tissue, they enlarge, move about, and carry on phagocytosis.
|
microglia
|
|
Which glia cell: form thin sheets that line fluid-filled cavities in the CNS. Some produce fluid, others aid in the circulation of fluid
|
ependymal
|
|
Which glia cell: smaller than astrocytes, hold nerve fibers together and produce the myelin sheath
|
oliogodendrocytes
|
|
Which glia cell: Supports nerve fibers and forms myelin sheaths
|
Schwann
|
|
Which glia cell: Transfer nutrients from the blood to the neurons
|
astrocytes
|
|
What is the whole Schwann wrapping around the axon? (The myelin sheath plus the neurilemma)
|
neuronal sheath
|
|
What are Schwann cells that cover and support cell bodies in the PNS?
|
Satellite cells
|
|
What are excitable cells that initiate and conduct impuleses that make possible all nervous system functions?
|
Neurons
|
|
Which component of a neuron provides protein molecules needed for transmission of nerve signals from one neuron to another
|
Cell body
|
|
Which component of a neuron provides energy (ATP) for neurons?
|
mitochondria
|
|
Which component of a neuron conducts nerve signals to the cell body?
|
dendrites
|
|
What are the small, knoblike protrusions that serve as connection points for axons of other neurons?
|
dendritic spines
|
|
A single process covered by a myelin sheath that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.
|
Axon
|
|
What are swellings that make contact with other cells?
|
varicosities
|
|
Distal tips of axons are __
|
telodendria
|
|
Which component of a neuron allows the rapid transport of small organelles?
|
cytoskeleton
|
|
What are the functional regions of the neuron?
|
input zone, summation zone, conduction zone, output zone
|
|
Which zone contains the dendrites and ell body?
|
input zone
|
|
Which zone contains the axon hillock?
|
summation zone
|
|
Which zone contains the axon?
|
conduction zone
|
|
Which zone contains the telodendria and synaptic knobs of axon?
|
output zone
|
|
Which glia cell: form thin sheets that line fluid-filled cavities in the CNS. Some produce fluid, others aid in the circulation of fluid
|
ependymal
|
|
Which glia cell: smaller than astrocytes, hold nerve fibers together and produce the myelin sheath
|
oliogodendrocytes
|
|
Which glia cell: Supports nerve fibers and forms myelin sheaths
|
Schwann
|
|
Which glia cell: Transfer nutrients from the blood to the neurons
|
astrocytes
|
|
What is the whole Schwann wrapping around the axon? (The myelin sheath plus the neurilemma)
|
neuronal sheath
|
|
What are Schwann cells that cover and support cell bodies in the PNS?
|
Satellite cells
|
|
What are excitable cells that initiate and conduct impuleses that make possible all nervous system functions?
|
Neurons
|
|
Which component of a neuron provides protein molecules needed for transmission of nerve signals from one neuron to another
|
Cell body
|
|
Which component of a neuron provides energy (ATP) for neurons?
|
mitochondria
|
|
Which component of a neuron conducts nerve signals to the cell body?
|
dendrites
|
|
How are neurons classified?
|
By structure or function
|
|
one axon and several dendrites
|
multipolar
|
|
only one axon and one dendrite
|
bipolar
|
|
one process comes off neuron cell body but divides almost immediately into two fibers
|
unipolar
|
|
What is the least numerous kind of neuron?
|
bipolar
|
|
What is the signal conduction route to and from the CNS, with the electrical signal beginning in receptors and ending in effectors
|
reflex arc
|
|
What is the most common neuron arc?
|
Three neuron arc
|
|
What does a three neuron arc consist of?
|
afferent neurons, interneurons, and efferent neurons.
|
|
What is the most simple neuron arc?
|
Two-neuron arc
|
|
What does a two-neuron arc contain?
|
afferent and efferent neurons
|
|
Where nerve signals are transmitted from one neuron to another
|
synapse
|
|
What are the 2 types of synapse?
|
electrical and chemical
|
|
Chemical synapses are typical in
|
adults
|
|
Where are chemical synapses located?
|
At the junction of the synpatic knob of one neuron and the dendrites/cell body of another neuron
|
|
Bundles of peripheral nerve fibers held together by several layers of connective tissue
|
nerves
|
|
delicate layer of fibrous connective tissue surrounding each nerve fiber
|
endoneurium
|
|
connective tissue holding together fascicles
|
perineurium
|
|
fibrous coat surrounding numerous fascicles and blood vessels to form a complete nerve
|
epineurium
|
|
Within the CNS, bundles of nerve fibers are called what?
|
tracts
|
|
White matter in the PNS
|
myelinated nerves
|
|
White matter in CNS
|
myelinated tracts
|
|
Composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers
|
gray matter
|
|
In the CNS, gray matter is referred to as what?
|
nuclei
|
|
In the PNS, gray matter is referred to as what?
|
ganglia
|
|
Mature neurons are incapable of what?
|
cell division
|
|
All living cells maintain a ___ in the concentration of ions across their membranes?
|
difference
|
|
What is the slight excess of positively charged ions on the outside of the membrane and slight deficiency of positively charged ions on the inside of the membrane?
|
membrane potential
|
|
Difference in electrical charge
|
potential
|
|
Magnitude of a potential difference between the two sides of a polarized membrane is measured in
|
volts or millivolts
|
|
The sign of a membrane's voltage indicates what?
|
The charge on the inside surface of a polarized membrane
|
|
What is the membrane potential of a neuron conducting an impulse?
|
action potential
|
|
The action potential is A.K.A.what?
|
nerve impulse
|
|
How long does absolute refractory period last?
|
0.5ms
|
|
In myelinated fibers, action potentials in the membrane only occur at the ____
|
nodes of Ranvier
|
|
What does the speed of nerve conduction depend on?
|
diameter and the presence/absence of myelin sheath
|
|
2 types of summation
|
spatial and temporal
|
|
How many compounds are known to be neurotransmitters?
|
30
|
|
2 categories of amines
|
monoamines and catecholamines
|
|
Where does nerve tissue development begin?
|
ectoderm
|
|
Where does nerve tissue development occur most rapidly?
|
in the womb
|
|
Neurons act as the ___ that connects structures needed to maintain homeostasis
|
wiring
|