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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
age structure
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population's balance of old and young people
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birth cohort
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set of people who were born durign the same era and who face similiar societal circumstancesbrought out by their shared position in the overall age structure of the population
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cohort effect
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phenomenon in which members of a cohort tend to experience a particular life course event of rite of passage-puberty, marriage, childbearing, graduation, entry into the workforce, death-at roughly the same time
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demographer
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sociologist who studies trends in population characteristics
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demographic transition
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stage of societal development in unindustrial countries marked by growing life expectancy and high birth rates; concept used to explain why populations in less developed countries grow faster than those in more developed countries
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migration
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the movement of populations from one geographic are to another
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period effect
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phenomenon in which a historical event or major social trend cotributes to the unique shape and outlook of birth cohort
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comparable worth (pay equity)
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Principle that women and men who perform jobs that are of equal value to society and that require equal training ought to be paid equally
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institutional sexism
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Subordination of women that is part of the everyday workings of economics, law politics, and other social institutions
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matriarchy
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Female-dominated society that gives higher prestige and value to women than to men
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objectification
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practice of treating peoples as objects
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patriarchy
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male-dominated society in which cultural beliefs and values give higher prestige and value to men than to women
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sexism
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sysem of beliefs that asserts the inferiority of one sex that justifies gender-based inequality
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anomie
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condition in which rapid change has disrupted society's ability to adequately regulate and control its members and the old rules that once governed people's life no longer seem to apply
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countermovement
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collective action designed to prevent or reverse changes sought or accomplished by an earlier social movement
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cultural diffusion
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process by which beliefs, technology, customs and other elements of culture spread from one group or society to another
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ideology
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coherent ssytem of beliefs values and ideas
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postindustrial society
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society in which knowledge, the control of information, and service industries are more important elements of the economy than agriculture or manufacturing and production
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reform movement
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collective action that seeks to change limited aspects of a society but does not seek to alter or replace major social institutions
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revolutionary movement
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collective action that attempts to overthrow an entire social system and replace it with another
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social movement
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continuous, large scale, organized collective action motivated by the desire to enact, stop, or reverse change in some area of society
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