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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
1. prime mover (agonist) 2. antagonist 3. synergist 4. fixator |
4 functional groups of skeletal muscle |
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agonist (prime mover) |
muscle that produces a specific movement |
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antagonist |
muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement |
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synergist |
muscle that helps prime movers by adding a little extra force to a movement or by reducing undesirable movements |
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fixator |
synergist muscle that immobilizes a bone or a muscle's origin so that the prime mover has a stable base on which to act |
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flexion |
a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces... |
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extension |
a muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces... |
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abduction |
a muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces... |
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adduction |
a muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces... |
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1. circular 2. convergent 3. parallel 4. pennate |
4 main fascicle arrangements |
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circular |
fascicular pattern when the fascicles are arranged in concentric rings; ex. orbicularis |
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convergent |
fascicular pattern in which the muscle has a broad origin and its fascicles converge toward a single tendon or insertion; ex. pectoralis major |
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parallel |
fascicular pattern in which the fascicles run along the long axis of the muscle; ex. sartorius (thigh) |
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fusiform |
fascicular pattern characterized by a spindle-shaped muscle with an expanded belly; similar to a parallel pattern; ex. biceps brachii |
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pennate |
fascicular pattern with short fascicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle; like a feather |
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1. unipennate 2. bipennate 3. multipennate |
3 types of pennate muscles |
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unipennate |
type of pennate muscle in which the fascicles insert into only one side of the tendon; ex. extensor digitorum longus (of the leg) |
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bipennate |
type of pennate muscle in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides; ex. rectus femoris (of the thigh) |
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multipennate |
type of pennate muscle with multiple "feathers"; ex. deltoid muscle (of the shoulder) |
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lever |
a rigid bar that moves on a fixed point (fulcrum) when a force is applied to it |
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fulcrum |
a fixed point on which a level moves |
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effort |
applied force used to move a load |
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load |
the resistance moved by an effort (applied force) |
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mechanical advantage |
when a load is close to the fulcrum and the effort applied is far from the fulcrum; power lever |
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mechanical disadvantage |
when the load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied close to the fulcrum; speed lever |
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1. first-class 2. second-class 3. third-class |
3 classes of levers |
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first-class lever |
the effort is applied at one end of the lever and the load is at the other, with the fulcrum somewhere in between; power or speed; ex. seesaw |
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second-class lever |
the effort is applied at one end of the lever and the fulcrum is located at the other end, with the load somewhere in between; power; ex. wheelbarrow |
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third-class lever |
the effort is applied between the load and the fulcrum; speed; ex. tweezers |
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