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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Programmed decision |
a simple, routine matter for which a manager has an established decision rule. |
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Nonprogrammed decision |
a new, complex decision that requires a creative solution |
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Effective decision |
a timely decision that meets a desired objective and is acceptable to those individuals affected by it |
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rationality |
a logical, step-by-step approach to decision making with a thorough analysis of alternatives and their consequences |
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bounded rationality |
a theory that suggests there are limits to how rational a decision maker can actually be |
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satisfice |
to select the first alternative that is “good enough” because the cost in time and effort are too great to optimize |
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heuristics |
shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity |
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garbage can model |
a theory that contends that decisions in organizations are random and unsystematic |
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risk aversion |
the tendency to choose options that entail fewer risk and less uncertainty |
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escalation of commitment |
the tendency to continue to support a failing course of action |
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cognitive style |
an individuals preference for gathering information and evaluating alternatives |
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intuition |
a fast, positive force in decision making that is utilized at a level below consciousness and involves learned patterns of information |
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creativity |
a process influenced by individual and organizational factors that results in the production of novel and useful ideas, products, or both |
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participative decision making |
decision making in which individuals who are affected by decisions influence the making of those decisions |
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synergy |
a positive force that occurs in groups when group members stimulate new solutions to problems through the process of mutual influence and encouragement within the group |
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groupthink |
a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment resulting from pressures within the group |
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group polarization |
the tendency for group discussion to produce shifts toward more extreme attitudes among members |
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brainstorming |
a technique for generating as many ideas as possible on a given subject, while suspending evaluation until all the ideas have been suggested |
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nominal group technique (NGT) |
a structured approach to group decision making that focuses on generating alternatives and choosing one |
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delphi technique |
gathering the judgments of experts for use in decision making |
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devil’s advocacy |
a technique for preventing groupthink in which a group or individual is given the role of critic during decision making |
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dialectical inquiry |
a debate between two opposing sets of recommendations |