Ch 10 How Cells Divide

Front 1

Amount of homologous chromosomes in humans

Back 1

23

Front 2

Sister chromatids formed during

Back 2

Interphase

Front 3

Correct order of cell cycle phases

Back 3

G1 → S→ G2 → Mitosis ↺ G1

Front 4

G0 phase

Back 4

The resting phase of the cell cycle

Front 5

G1 phase

Back 5

the longest phase of the cell cycle for most cells; cells undergo major portion of growth

Front 6

S phase

Back 6

genome is replicated; chromosomes replicate 2 sister chromatids

Front 7

G2 phase

Back 7

cell condensation; growth phase after DNA synthesis has occurred

Front 8

During interphase, all eukaryotic cells synthesize large amounts of

Back 8

tubulin

Front 9

kinetochore

Back 9

A disk-like protein structure found at the point of constriction on a chromosome

Front 10

DNA replication and preparations for cell division happen

Back 10

Interphase

Front 11

Chromosomes become visible and spindles first form

Back 11

Prophase

Front 12

Prophase step 1

Back 12

Spindle fibers form

Front 13

Prophase step 2

Back 13

Centrioles move to opposite ends of cell

Front 14

Prophase step 3

Back 14

nuclear envelope breaks down

Front 15

Prometaphase

Back 15

Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers at centromere

Front 16

Chromosomes align at equator and spindle checkpoint arrests cells

Back 16

Metaphase

Front 17

Centromeres split/movepart and sister chromatids separate

Back 17

Anaphase

Front 18

Nucleus reformates and chromosomes are at poles; cleaved by pinching mechanism

Back 18

Telophase

Front 19

cells divide and cleavage furrow or plate forms

Back 19

Cytokinesis

Front 20

Chromosomes condense during prophase so they

Back 20

won't be damaged when moving around the cell

Front 21

Mitosis

Back 21

cell division keeping the number of chromosomes per cell the same.

Front 22

Meiosis

Back 22

cell division that makes four daughter cells each with half number of chromosomes of parent cell

Front 23

binary fission

Back 23

asexual form of reproduction for prokaryotic cells.

Front 24

somatic cells

Back 24

cells using Mitosis to reproduce and make organism grow larger and replace damaged cells

Front 25

germ cells

Back 25

cells put aside to be made into gametes later during Meiosis

Front 26

chromatid

Back 26

half of a chromosome

Front 27

Heterochromatin

Back 27

not expressed; portion of eukaryotic chromosome not transcribed into RNA

Front 28

Euchromatin

Back 28

expressed; portion of eukaryotic chromosome transcribed into mRNA

Front 29

G1/S checkpoint

Back 29

location where cell "decides" to divide or not

Front 30

G2/M checkpoint

Back 30

commits to mitosis

Front 31

Spindle checkpoint

Back 31

makes sure all chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers while prepping for Anaphase

Front 32

p53 gene

Back 32

checks DNA integrity; non-functioning with cancer, causing replication of damaged cells.