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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
where does the citric acid cycle take place?
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inside the mitochondrial matrix
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the matrix contains enzymes for _________, __________ for the citric acid cycle, _________ DNA, and mitochondrial ribosomes and tRNA
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the matrix contains enzymes for oxidation of pyruvate, fatty acids for the citric acid cycle, mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial ribosomes and tRNA
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the inner membrane contains proteins/enzymes with which 3 functions?
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the inner membrane contains proteins for the oxidation reactions of the ETC, ATP synthase, and transport proteins
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the outer membrane contains enzymes for __________ and is permeable to ___________
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the outer membrane contains enzymes for lipid synthesis and is permeable to a lot of molecules
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the intermembrane space has enzymes that use the ATP passing out of the matrix for ___________
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the intermembrane space has enzymes that use the ATP passing out of the matrix to phosphorylate nucleotides
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ATPases can make _______ ATP/minute
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118 ATP per minute
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what can F type ATPase do?
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convert ATP back to ADP to maintain H+ gradient
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what class of organelles does the chloroplast belong to?
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plastids
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what is the common origin of the plastids?
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protoplastids
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where can we find protoplastids?
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in young plants
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what are the possible fates of protoplastids?
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exposed to light = chloroplast, no light = leucoplasts in root to store starch
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what is a leucoplast?
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protoplastid not exposed to light used for storage in root
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what else can we use protoplastids for besides photosynthesis or storage?
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synthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids
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purpose of the vacuole?
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80-90% of space of cell, maintains turgor (osmotic pressure)
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does the chloroplast have an inner membrane?
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yes
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T or F: the chloroplast can also store starch?
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TRUE
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what is a granum?
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a stack of thylakoids
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what are grana?
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clusters of stacks of thylakoids
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what happens in the thylakoid?
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ATP synthesis, light reactions
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the compartments formed by the folding of the inner membrane of the mitochondria are called _________
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cristae
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the inner membrane of the mitochondria is ____________ (folded/unfolded).
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folded
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the inner membrane of the chloroplast is __________ (folded/unfolded)
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unfolded
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in plants, nucleotides & amino acids are synthesized in the ___________ (cell type). In animals they are produced in the __________ of cells (cell area).
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plastid cells in plants, in the cytosol of animal cells
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ATP synthase is located in the ______ of the mitochondria and makes ATP in the _________
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in the inner membrane, makes ATP in the matrix
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the __________ is a general term for the process where an electron moves along a series of electron carriers from higher to lower energy states, eventually to a final acceptor molecule
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electron transport chain
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in both the mitochondria & chloroplast, how is DNA stored?
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in nucleoid form without histones
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the photosystem is composed of what componenets?
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antenna complex and photochemical reaction center
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what are the features of the mitochondrial genome?
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dense gene packing, relaxed codon usage, and a variant genetic code
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what is variegation?
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when plants inherit the chloroplast from both parents
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do mitochondria make or import lipids? Do chloroplasts make or import lipids?
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mitochondria import them, chloroplasts make them
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mitochondria do what to the lipids they import?
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convert them to cardiolipins
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